Therapists in Tucson, AZ

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Photo of Billy Haas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Billy Haas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Bring your self to life! Are you feeling anxious? Feeling sad or depressed? Have you recently lost a loved one, had a bad break up, or maybe lost your job? Maybe you just feel stuck and aren't even sure why. I will work with you to guide you to a place where you can be your best self. Each of my clients has their own story and it is my job to create a safe, non judgmental environment in which to let that story unfold and work together to clear the obstacles to living the life you want to live. I am an eclectic therapist allowing me to meet you where you’re at with a modality (modalities) that will work well to achieve your goals.
Bring your self to life! Are you feeling anxious? Feeling sad or depressed? Have you recently lost a loved one, had a bad break up, or maybe lost your job? Maybe you just feel stuck and aren't even sure why. I will work with you to guide you to a place where you can be your best self. Each of my clients has their own story and it is my job to create a safe, non judgmental environment in which to let that story unfold and work together to clear the obstacles to living the life you want to live. I am an eclectic therapist allowing me to meet you where you’re at with a modality (modalities) that will work well to achieve your goals.
(928) 421-8462 View (928) 421-8462
Photo of Kylie Guinta, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Kylie Guinta
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC, CSTT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
Immediate openings! My therapeutic approach involves meeting clients where they're at, holding space to explore and express emotions, while supporting mental wellness. I believe people are the experts on themselves and I am honored when I am invited to join a person in their healing and development. As a certified Sexual Trauma Therapist, I am passionate in helping clients heal, and navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength. I have experience working alongside individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and life transitions. I bring a unique blend of compassion and humor, utilizing an approach rooted
Immediate openings! My therapeutic approach involves meeting clients where they're at, holding space to explore and express emotions, while supporting mental wellness. I believe people are the experts on themselves and I am honored when I am invited to join a person in their healing and development. As a certified Sexual Trauma Therapist, I am passionate in helping clients heal, and navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength. I have experience working alongside individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and life transitions. I bring a unique blend of compassion and humor, utilizing an approach rooted
(520) 210-5187 View (520) 210-5187
Photo of Cato Counseling & Consulting, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Cato Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP, DARe
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85742  (Online Only)
Note: Potential clients only, no soliciting. I have been a clinician in residential treatment for over 10 years. During that time, I treated adults of all ages with a myriad of issues. Since everyone's needs are different, I have learned to adapt my approach to the individual and their particular goals. Self-motivation to find healing is paramount to beginning the healing process. I primarily work with professionals and those willing to pursue treatment on their own. Additionally, I am a clinical supervisor and also work with Somatic Experiencing students to assist them with obtaining their certification. My practice is Telehealth.
Note: Potential clients only, no soliciting. I have been a clinician in residential treatment for over 10 years. During that time, I treated adults of all ages with a myriad of issues. Since everyone's needs are different, I have learned to adapt my approach to the individual and their particular goals. Self-motivation to find healing is paramount to beginning the healing process. I primarily work with professionals and those willing to pursue treatment on their own. Additionally, I am a clinical supervisor and also work with Somatic Experiencing students to assist them with obtaining their certification. My practice is Telehealth.
(520) 277-2788 View (520) 277-2788
Photo of Kelly O'Connor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Kelly O'Connor
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC, CHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
Not accepting new clients
Can you imagine a life where you are more at peace with your feelings, able to make good decisions, and better manage your behavior in difficult situations? What would it be like to no longer feel overwhelmed by stress or defeated by your emotions? When overwhelming emotions take hold, your work or relationships suffer and other areas of your life can deteriorate, keeping you from enjoying the life you know you could have. One of my goals as a therapist is to provide a meaningful connection and comfortable environment, whether you are considering making important changes or looking for support through difficult times.
Can you imagine a life where you are more at peace with your feelings, able to make good decisions, and better manage your behavior in difficult situations? What would it be like to no longer feel overwhelmed by stress or defeated by your emotions? When overwhelming emotions take hold, your work or relationships suffer and other areas of your life can deteriorate, keeping you from enjoying the life you know you could have. One of my goals as a therapist is to provide a meaningful connection and comfortable environment, whether you are considering making important changes or looking for support through difficult times.
(520) 395-9450 View (520) 395-9450
Photo of Jenna Fash, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Jenna Fash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85701  (Online Only)
Fash Counseling is now offering Virtual Therapy to Arizona residents! I am passionate and dedicated in my role of walking alongside my clients in their journey towards growth. I view therapy as a collaborative process. This allows each person to identify and develop their own path in achieving their goals. I work to create a safe and empathic environment while building trust with my clients. I believe that each client brings their own, unique story to therapy and therefore my approach is tailored to meet each person's personality and goals.
Fash Counseling is now offering Virtual Therapy to Arizona residents! I am passionate and dedicated in my role of walking alongside my clients in their journey towards growth. I view therapy as a collaborative process. This allows each person to identify and develop their own path in achieving their goals. I work to create a safe and empathic environment while building trust with my clients. I believe that each client brings their own, unique story to therapy and therefore my approach is tailored to meet each person's personality and goals.
(520) 636-8776 View (520) 636-8776
Photo of Evan C Bush @ Entune Behavioral Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Evan C Bush @ Entune Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715  (Online Only)
My clients are often grappling with the complexities of interpersonal relationships, struggling with issues like anger management, depression, or anxiety. They might be dealing with the weight of a chronic illness, substance abuse, or navigating mid-life transitions. They crave understanding, seeking relief from emotional turmoil and a path towards fulfillment. They desire to enhance communication, find inner peace, and rebuild self-esteem. Their goal is not just to cope but to thrive, embracing a life filled with purpose, connection, and joy.
My clients are often grappling with the complexities of interpersonal relationships, struggling with issues like anger management, depression, or anxiety. They might be dealing with the weight of a chronic illness, substance abuse, or navigating mid-life transitions. They crave understanding, seeking relief from emotional turmoil and a path towards fulfillment. They desire to enhance communication, find inner peace, and rebuild self-esteem. Their goal is not just to cope but to thrive, embracing a life filled with purpose, connection, and joy.
(520) 254-6774 View (520) 254-6774
Photo of Clayton Stephens, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Clayton Stephens
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LASAC, MS
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85711
My approach is a results oriented, active, direct, and homework driven style. Addictions often originate from deeper underlying issues such as trauma/PTSD, chronic pain, psychosis, anxiety, and depression. I want to help you accomplish -whatever- goals/values that are uniquely important to you. I genuinely want to help you put the hard work of therapy into achieving real growth. I am part of the neurodivergent/high functioning autistic community. Please scroll down to read my blubs about the evidenced based treatments I use for these struggles. Self compassion is powerful! Book in person (Tucson area) or zoom at my website.
My approach is a results oriented, active, direct, and homework driven style. Addictions often originate from deeper underlying issues such as trauma/PTSD, chronic pain, psychosis, anxiety, and depression. I want to help you accomplish -whatever- goals/values that are uniquely important to you. I genuinely want to help you put the hard work of therapy into achieving real growth. I am part of the neurodivergent/high functioning autistic community. Please scroll down to read my blubs about the evidenced based treatments I use for these struggles. Self compassion is powerful! Book in person (Tucson area) or zoom at my website.
(520) 239-6623 View (520) 239-6623
Photo of Marlaina Maddux, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Marlaina Maddux
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
I work with individuals and families, specializing in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use. I have enjoyed working with clients of especially vulnerable populations such as those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (including ASD), those who identify as LGBTQ+, those with histories of trauma, and other minoritized populations. Additionally, I provide individualized clinical supervision to associate-level counselors and therapists working toward independent licensure.
I work with individuals and families, specializing in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use. I have enjoyed working with clients of especially vulnerable populations such as those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (including ASD), those who identify as LGBTQ+, those with histories of trauma, and other minoritized populations. Additionally, I provide individualized clinical supervision to associate-level counselors and therapists working toward independent licensure.
(520) 214-6219 View (520) 214-6219
Photo of Erica Saunders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Erica Saunders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85719  (Online Only)
I honor what makes us unique and appreciate each individual experience. I believe we want to be our best selves and find happiness and enjoyment in our lives. Sometimes discovering what is hindering this growth is found in a supportive, therapeutic relationship. I am a Clinical Therapist with over 20 years of experience working with individuals healing from trauma and couples navigating relationship issues. I believe in the significance of aligning the mind and body and find that awareness of our somatic experiencing and parts (IFS) to be incredibly helpful in increasing feelings of connection, self-compassion and trust in Self.
I honor what makes us unique and appreciate each individual experience. I believe we want to be our best selves and find happiness and enjoyment in our lives. Sometimes discovering what is hindering this growth is found in a supportive, therapeutic relationship. I am a Clinical Therapist with over 20 years of experience working with individuals healing from trauma and couples navigating relationship issues. I believe in the significance of aligning the mind and body and find that awareness of our somatic experiencing and parts (IFS) to be incredibly helpful in increasing feelings of connection, self-compassion and trust in Self.
(520) 597-8261 View (520) 597-8261
Photo of Jennifer Hewitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Jennifer Hewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
Are you tired and overwhelmed by it all? So many expectations, the constant “pull” from every area of your life….and the world we live in just keeps giving you more than you can handle and you feel you're not good enough. You want a safe place to sort through it all, but when is there even time to go to therapy to work on all this stress? It takes courage to bear your soul to another person, to find a person you feel safe sharing your deepest thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with. Someone who is non-judgmental, empathetic, and caring. I will help you feel safe, heard, validated, and empowered to make the changes you seek out.
Are you tired and overwhelmed by it all? So many expectations, the constant “pull” from every area of your life….and the world we live in just keeps giving you more than you can handle and you feel you're not good enough. You want a safe place to sort through it all, but when is there even time to go to therapy to work on all this stress? It takes courage to bear your soul to another person, to find a person you feel safe sharing your deepest thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with. Someone who is non-judgmental, empathetic, and caring. I will help you feel safe, heard, validated, and empowered to make the changes you seek out.
(520) 551-3150 x3818 View (520) 551-3150 x3818
Photo of Nancy Eldredge, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Nancy Eldredge
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85754
I believe in the amazing resiliency of the human psyche and spirit - The body and mind have an incredible power to heal and we have the capacity to change our lives and create the future we want. I believe you are the expert on you and with steady support you can overcome obstacles, find your purpose, create, change and become your authentic and genuine self. I use a combination of therapeutic approaches to help you make the changes you want, and as you explore your present, identify connections to the past and reflect on the future you want.
I believe in the amazing resiliency of the human psyche and spirit - The body and mind have an incredible power to heal and we have the capacity to change our lives and create the future we want. I believe you are the expert on you and with steady support you can overcome obstacles, find your purpose, create, change and become your authentic and genuine self. I use a combination of therapeutic approaches to help you make the changes you want, and as you explore your present, identify connections to the past and reflect on the future you want.
(520) 254-0450 View (520) 254-0450
Photo of Judy Brevaire, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Judy Brevaire
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710
I am a dedicated therapist at SonderCare Behavioral Health, specializing in providing support to adults facing a range of mental health challenges, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, grief and loss, intense anger, trauma, and OCD. I am also a trained marriage and family therapist able to assist couples and families with relationship issues.
I am a dedicated therapist at SonderCare Behavioral Health, specializing in providing support to adults facing a range of mental health challenges, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, grief and loss, intense anger, trauma, and OCD. I am also a trained marriage and family therapist able to assist couples and families with relationship issues.
(520) 523-3485 View (520) 523-3485
Photo of Stacy Roden, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Stacy Roden
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85741
Are you struggling with trauma or is your marriage in distress? Is anxiety keeping you from reaching your fullest potential? I come alongside adults who have been wounded by trauma/neglect or by the church; and those looking to manage anxiety, cope with depression, explore the complexities of parenting, detach from codependency, learn healthy boundaries, or journey through grief. I help married couples heal from painful past experiences, strengthen communication, & move together towards an envisioned future.
Are you struggling with trauma or is your marriage in distress? Is anxiety keeping you from reaching your fullest potential? I come alongside adults who have been wounded by trauma/neglect or by the church; and those looking to manage anxiety, cope with depression, explore the complexities of parenting, detach from codependency, learn healthy boundaries, or journey through grief. I help married couples heal from painful past experiences, strengthen communication, & move together towards an envisioned future.
(520) 666-8461 View (520) 666-8461
Photo of Natalie Pacitto, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Natalie Pacitto
Counselor, MA, LPC, LLP, CPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85750
Your therapy journey should be as unique as you, and my approach is eclectic in a way that allows me to meet you where you are and illuminate your path through encouragement and support. Therapy and counseling can be deeply transformative and healing for those willing to show up for themselves. I believe that through this process anyone can uncover meaningful change and I am here to guide you through that journey and empower you to be the best version of you.
Your therapy journey should be as unique as you, and my approach is eclectic in a way that allows me to meet you where you are and illuminate your path through encouragement and support. Therapy and counseling can be deeply transformative and healing for those willing to show up for themselves. I believe that through this process anyone can uncover meaningful change and I am here to guide you through that journey and empower you to be the best version of you.
(520) 636-6906 View (520) 636-6906
Photo of Susana Villa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Susana Villa
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
We all seek and need support, understanding and emotional wellbeing. We may be grappling with issues such as anxiety, stress, or life changes. We deserve a therapeutic environment where you feel safe and can openly explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. We strive for personal growth, resilience, and coping mechanisms to navigate life's challenges more effectively, strengthen our sense of purpose and emotional regulation.
We all seek and need support, understanding and emotional wellbeing. We may be grappling with issues such as anxiety, stress, or life changes. We deserve a therapeutic environment where you feel safe and can openly explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. We strive for personal growth, resilience, and coping mechanisms to navigate life's challenges more effectively, strengthen our sense of purpose and emotional regulation.
(520) 379-7427 View (520) 379-7427
Photo of Peggy Olson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Peggy Olson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85745
Trauma can make you feel alone and misunderstood. You might feel like there is no one you can talk to because you don't want to cause them pain. You try to smile and carry on but this too has stopped working. Maybe you are angry, maybe you are afraid. I get that. Maybe you just want it all to stop and go back to the way it used to be. I get that too. Trauma can be a big event or reoccurring smaller events (micro-traumas). Even relationships can feel traumatic.
Trauma can make you feel alone and misunderstood. You might feel like there is no one you can talk to because you don't want to cause them pain. You try to smile and carry on but this too has stopped working. Maybe you are angry, maybe you are afraid. I get that. Maybe you just want it all to stop and go back to the way it used to be. I get that too. Trauma can be a big event or reoccurring smaller events (micro-traumas). Even relationships can feel traumatic.
(520) 502-7620 View (520) 502-7620
Photo of Roxanna Gonzalez @ Entune Behavioral Health, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Roxanna Gonzalez @ Entune Behavioral Health
Counselor, LISAC, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
My ideal client faces challenges with substance use disorder, anxiety, and trauma. They seek a culturally sensitive therapist who speaks their language fluently. They aspire to break free from addiction's grasp, manage anxiety and depression, and heal from past traumas. Their goal is to develop coping skills, regain control, and find purpose. They crave guidance, empathy, and practical strategies for recovery and emotional well-being.
My ideal client faces challenges with substance use disorder, anxiety, and trauma. They seek a culturally sensitive therapist who speaks their language fluently. They aspire to break free from addiction's grasp, manage anxiety and depression, and heal from past traumas. Their goal is to develop coping skills, regain control, and find purpose. They crave guidance, empathy, and practical strategies for recovery and emotional well-being.
(520) 636-0301 View (520) 636-0301
Photo of Brad Willison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Brad Willison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
The process of seeking help can be rough and it’s normal to have fears about trusting someone new to discuss difficult topics. However, it is also moments like this that provide us the opportunity for lasting transformation. Challenging times in our lives offer the potential to create lifelong change through abandoning unhelpful patterns of living, which were formed in our personal histories. Life is full of challenging transitions, and it can be experienced as emotionally overwhelming. In these moments, we can reconnect with our internal compass in our path to healing.
The process of seeking help can be rough and it’s normal to have fears about trusting someone new to discuss difficult topics. However, it is also moments like this that provide us the opportunity for lasting transformation. Challenging times in our lives offer the potential to create lifelong change through abandoning unhelpful patterns of living, which were formed in our personal histories. Life is full of challenging transitions, and it can be experienced as emotionally overwhelming. In these moments, we can reconnect with our internal compass in our path to healing.
(520) 402-3988 View (520) 402-3988
Photo of Bruce Kahler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Bruce Kahler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
I'm Bruce, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I enjoy working with clients to develop an equal partnership based on mutual respect and trust. I work to resolve inner conflicts formed around avoided thoughts, feelings, and memories in order to heal fragmented parts of self, improve clients’ satisfaction with their lives, and decrease psychiatric symptoms.
I'm Bruce, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I enjoy working with clients to develop an equal partnership based on mutual respect and trust. I work to resolve inner conflicts formed around avoided thoughts, feelings, and memories in order to heal fragmented parts of self, improve clients’ satisfaction with their lives, and decrease psychiatric symptoms.
(520) 263-8983 View (520) 263-8983
Photo of Stephanie L Bert, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Stephanie L Bert
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MSAC, LISAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85741
Mission Statement: To awaken and inspire the sprit, strength, and potential within everyone by encouraging self-awareness and positivity.
Mission Statement: To awaken and inspire the sprit, strength, and potential within everyone by encouraging self-awareness and positivity.
(520) 597-8696 View (520) 597-8696

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tucson, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tucson, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Tucson, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tucson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.