Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Joi McCreary, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Joi McCreary
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT, CLC, RYT
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Transformation occurs when you choose to be intentional and commit to change, even when the journey is unclear or unknown. Approaching change through therapy, unearths pathways to healing. Within the therapy process, my goal is to create an open-minded, safe, and non- judgmental space, that compassionately addresses your concerns. I help adult individuals, couples, and groups who are seeking to redefine adverse perceptions, improve poor boundaries, behavior, coping skills and practices, discover optimal functioning levels, explore the ways one experiences connection, identity, intimacy, and relationships that bring them joy.
Transformation occurs when you choose to be intentional and commit to change, even when the journey is unclear or unknown. Approaching change through therapy, unearths pathways to healing. Within the therapy process, my goal is to create an open-minded, safe, and non- judgmental space, that compassionately addresses your concerns. I help adult individuals, couples, and groups who are seeking to redefine adverse perceptions, improve poor boundaries, behavior, coping skills and practices, discover optimal functioning levels, explore the ways one experiences connection, identity, intimacy, and relationships that bring them joy.
(317) 733-7146 View (317) 733-7146
Photo of Katera Huff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Katera Huff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46227
Katera Huff is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana who has been practicing since 2008. She has a BA in Sociology from Drake University and an MSW from IU School of Social Work. Katera uses a strengths-based approach with elements of CBT and DBT to address clients' mental health. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to treat trauma and PTSD. Outside of work, Katera enjoys reading, being active, and mastering how to ride a motorcycle.
Katera Huff is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana who has been practicing since 2008. She has a BA in Sociology from Drake University and an MSW from IU School of Social Work. Katera uses a strengths-based approach with elements of CBT and DBT to address clients' mental health. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to treat trauma and PTSD. Outside of work, Katera enjoys reading, being active, and mastering how to ride a motorcycle.
(463) 263-7905 View (463) 263-7905
Photo of Dr. Cari Pearson Carter, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Dr. Cari Pearson Carter
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Eating disorders (ED), anxiety, and/or stress can take hold of you so it feels like you are no longer living the life you want. Do thoughts of food or weight, or feelings of guilt consume you? Or does Worry make it difficult to enjoy time with friends or family? Or maybe you feel so stressed that you feel like you might explode? These things can make it really difficult to be who you truly are; they can pull you away from life and the things that actually matter to you, like relationships, work, and pleasant activities (e.g., reading a book, going for a hike).
Eating disorders (ED), anxiety, and/or stress can take hold of you so it feels like you are no longer living the life you want. Do thoughts of food or weight, or feelings of guilt consume you? Or does Worry make it difficult to enjoy time with friends or family? Or maybe you feel so stressed that you feel like you might explode? These things can make it really difficult to be who you truly are; they can pull you away from life and the things that actually matter to you, like relationships, work, and pleasant activities (e.g., reading a book, going for a hike).
(317) 483-8216 View (317) 483-8216
Photo of Julie Quigley, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Julie Quigley
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPCC-S, ACS, LPSC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I have already counseled my ideal client. I worked with a client who came to me in her most significant time of need. She was ready to put in work and wanted to develop. She was diagnosed with Bipolar I and had several suicide attempts. She could externalize her mania and use fitness and wellness to push through her episodes. She is happy and healthy and uses her experiences to help others. My services involve psychotherapy using techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and motivational interviewing (MI), with a trauma-informed framework.
I have already counseled my ideal client. I worked with a client who came to me in her most significant time of need. She was ready to put in work and wanted to develop. She was diagnosed with Bipolar I and had several suicide attempts. She could externalize her mania and use fitness and wellness to push through her episodes. She is happy and healthy and uses her experiences to help others. My services involve psychotherapy using techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and motivational interviewing (MI), with a trauma-informed framework.
(463) 244-5546 View (463) 244-5546
Photo of Kathleen Brannen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Kathleen Brannen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46260  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the ups and downs of life? Whether you're grappling with loss, battling stress, or facing significant life changes, you don't have to navigate these challenges alone.I have several years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families touched by anxiety, depression, addiction, relationship stressors, grief, trauma, and life changes. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their challenges and pursue personal growth. Together, we'll work towards healing, empowerment, and authenticity.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the ups and downs of life? Whether you're grappling with loss, battling stress, or facing significant life changes, you don't have to navigate these challenges alone.I have several years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families touched by anxiety, depression, addiction, relationship stressors, grief, trauma, and life changes. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their challenges and pursue personal growth. Together, we'll work towards healing, empowerment, and authenticity.
(463) 243-5844 View (463) 243-5844
Photo of Nancy Henein, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Nancy Henein
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
As a parent and psychologist, I enjoy supporting children as they grow and strive to be their best. At the same time, I realize that the maturation process is not always easy and both children and parents often need outside supports. Emphasizing a collaborative process with my clients and their relevant care providers, I value working together to establish goals, individualize treatment, and evaluate progress. My services include providing short and long-term therapy with children, adolescents, and young adults to treat problems involving anxiety, depression, mood disorders, relational/social concerns, ADHD, adjustment problems, and family issues.
As a parent and psychologist, I enjoy supporting children as they grow and strive to be their best. At the same time, I realize that the maturation process is not always easy and both children and parents often need outside supports. Emphasizing a collaborative process with my clients and their relevant care providers, I value working together to establish goals, individualize treatment, and evaluate progress. My services include providing short and long-term therapy with children, adolescents, and young adults to treat problems involving anxiety, depression, mood disorders, relational/social concerns, ADHD, adjustment problems, and family issues.
(317) 606-2237 View (317) 606-2237
Photo of Abby Bastnagel, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Abby Bastnagel
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I believe in a safe and open relationship between client and therapist is the foundation of change, and I value getting to know each of my clients to best understand your experiences. I believe in identifying and using your strengths and values to help you progress toward your therapy goals. Social justice is an important value of mine, and I work with clients to identify systemic factors that impact you, your relationships, and your mental health, to view the bigger picture of client problems and avoid over-pathologizing clients, especially those from marginalized communities.
I believe in a safe and open relationship between client and therapist is the foundation of change, and I value getting to know each of my clients to best understand your experiences. I believe in identifying and using your strengths and values to help you progress toward your therapy goals. Social justice is an important value of mine, and I work with clients to identify systemic factors that impact you, your relationships, and your mental health, to view the bigger picture of client problems and avoid over-pathologizing clients, especially those from marginalized communities.
(317) 458-5115 View (317) 458-5115
Photo of Brittany Wright, LPC Intern in Indianapolis, IN
Brittany Wright
LPC Intern, LMHCA, CADC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46250  (Online Only)
I have always had a desire for understanding feelings and behaviors as well as to assist individuals with understanding their own feelings and behaviors. Many clients want to understand why they struggle with certain disorders, or even how they can even begin to move forward.
I have always had a desire for understanding feelings and behaviors as well as to assist individuals with understanding their own feelings and behaviors. Many clients want to understand why they struggle with certain disorders, or even how they can even begin to move forward.
(463) 217-0631 View (463) 217-0631
Photo of Elizabeth Duffy in Indianapolis, IN
Elizabeth Duffy
LMHCA, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46208
I work with artists, entrepreneurs, musicians, clergy, students, other therapists, professionals and anyone trying to carry the demands of modern life and maintain their humanity. I help clients live creatively, identifying their core values and exploring new ways of knowing themselves and their most intimate relationships. Some of my clients have come from high control relationships or religious dynamics and are working to connect with a stronger, more essential self. Some are going through life transitions that have stirred up unfelt emotions and exposed patterns of relating that no longer serve them.
I work with artists, entrepreneurs, musicians, clergy, students, other therapists, professionals and anyone trying to carry the demands of modern life and maintain their humanity. I help clients live creatively, identifying their core values and exploring new ways of knowing themselves and their most intimate relationships. Some of my clients have come from high control relationships or religious dynamics and are working to connect with a stronger, more essential self. Some are going through life transitions that have stirred up unfelt emotions and exposed patterns of relating that no longer serve them.
(317) 931-2379 x5031 View (317) 931-2379 x5031
Photo of Denise A. Senter, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Denise A. Senter
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Waitlist for new clients
"I am a trusted and compassionate professional who enjoys helping others to be creative in resolving complex issues. Regarded as a specialist in mental health and consultation, I provide brief, solution-focused therapy and psycho-dynamic work. I also provide consultation, training, and workshops for staff, agencies and groups. As a former mental health consultant with the NFL, I am very effective in helping clients, athletes and coaches to attain desired goals and success. From clients with chronic illnesses to clients seeking to explore spirituality and faith - I work to help increase a sense of purpose, effectiveness, calm and wellness."
"I am a trusted and compassionate professional who enjoys helping others to be creative in resolving complex issues. Regarded as a specialist in mental health and consultation, I provide brief, solution-focused therapy and psycho-dynamic work. I also provide consultation, training, and workshops for staff, agencies and groups. As a former mental health consultant with the NFL, I am very effective in helping clients, athletes and coaches to attain desired goals and success. From clients with chronic illnesses to clients seeking to explore spirituality and faith - I work to help increase a sense of purpose, effectiveness, calm and wellness."
(317) 401-5426 View (317) 401-5426
Photo of Valerie K Darling, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Valerie K Darling
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I'm passionate about serving communities of people who have been underserved, and possibly harmed, by the fields of counseling and psychology in the past including: the LGBTQ+ population, those with non-traditional relationship structures such as polyamory, the kink community, and neurodivergent individuals. I strive to make therapy a comfortable and safe environment for people of all cultures, gender expressions, and sexual orientations. I am trauma-informed, sex and kink- positive, and body-neutral. I value social justice and hold anti-racist, disability-informed, feminist values, that I carry through my work.
I'm passionate about serving communities of people who have been underserved, and possibly harmed, by the fields of counseling and psychology in the past including: the LGBTQ+ population, those with non-traditional relationship structures such as polyamory, the kink community, and neurodivergent individuals. I strive to make therapy a comfortable and safe environment for people of all cultures, gender expressions, and sexual orientations. I am trauma-informed, sex and kink- positive, and body-neutral. I value social justice and hold anti-racist, disability-informed, feminist values, that I carry through my work.
(317) 676-9294 View (317) 676-9294
Photo of Heather Savage, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Heather Savage
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46235  (Online Only)
The idea of therapy can be daunting, especially if you’ve never participated in therapy before. If you have and the experience wasn’t too great, you could have some anxiety and hesitation around re-starting the process again. All of this is natural, but that’s why I am here! I desire to ensure that you feel heard, feel valued and feel safe. I hope to help you navigate through life, feel empowered in your decision making and to be confident in yourself! I am open to serving children, young adults, and adults looking for ways to become the best versions of themselves.
The idea of therapy can be daunting, especially if you’ve never participated in therapy before. If you have and the experience wasn’t too great, you could have some anxiety and hesitation around re-starting the process again. All of this is natural, but that’s why I am here! I desire to ensure that you feel heard, feel valued and feel safe. I hope to help you navigate through life, feel empowered in your decision making and to be confident in yourself! I am open to serving children, young adults, and adults looking for ways to become the best versions of themselves.
(463) 241-3975 View (463) 241-3975
Photo of Ann Stevenson, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Ann Stevenson
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Are you ready to do the hard work of healing with an open mind and heart?
Are you ready to do the hard work of healing with an open mind and heart?
(317) 699-4246 View (317) 699-4246
Photo of Kate Fisch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Kate Fisch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Northside is a group practice dedicated to creating a space where you can confront life's challenges head on; challenges that are holding you back from living your best life. We specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse, mood disorders, trauma, and more. Our providers work with all ages, families, and couples.
Northside is a group practice dedicated to creating a space where you can confront life's challenges head on; challenges that are holding you back from living your best life. We specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse, mood disorders, trauma, and more. Our providers work with all ages, families, and couples.
(317) 561-6904 View (317) 561-6904
Photo of Courtney Markland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Courtney Markland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46217
Are you navigating life's twists and turns, feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions? Are you seeking understanding, a safe haven to work through your overthinking, and discover effective coping mechanisms? Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns to cultivate insight and facilitate positive changes. Whether we're navigating the complexities of anxiety, processing past traumas, improving relationships, or exploring personal growth, my goal is to empower you towards resilience, self-awareness, and a more fulfilling life.
Are you navigating life's twists and turns, feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions? Are you seeking understanding, a safe haven to work through your overthinking, and discover effective coping mechanisms? Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns to cultivate insight and facilitate positive changes. Whether we're navigating the complexities of anxiety, processing past traumas, improving relationships, or exploring personal growth, my goal is to empower you towards resilience, self-awareness, and a more fulfilling life.
(317) 623-4792 View (317) 623-4792
Photo of Auburn Miller, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Auburn Miller
Counselor, MSCP, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46203
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I have been practicing in the field for 10+ years. I received my Master of Counseling Psychology degree from Louisiana State University where I began my work in the mental health field. I have worked with teens, young adults, and adults struggling with many different mental health needs that have affected their ability to feel in control of their own world.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I have been practicing in the field for 10+ years. I received my Master of Counseling Psychology degree from Louisiana State University where I began my work in the mental health field. I have worked with teens, young adults, and adults struggling with many different mental health needs that have affected their ability to feel in control of their own world.
(463) 223-1965 View (463) 223-1965
Photo of Lana Lipe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Lana Lipe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
There are many times in our lives where we recognize that our behaviors and beliefs may not be serving our current life path. In fact, we may recognize that those behaviors we used to protect ourselves are holding us back from truly living the life we want and deserve. I primarily work with adults who need support around: anxiety, gender identity, sexuality, perfectionism, compassion fatigue, grief, and chronic illness.
There are many times in our lives where we recognize that our behaviors and beliefs may not be serving our current life path. In fact, we may recognize that those behaviors we used to protect ourselves are holding us back from truly living the life we want and deserve. I primarily work with adults who need support around: anxiety, gender identity, sexuality, perfectionism, compassion fatigue, grief, and chronic illness.
(808) 862-6589 View (808) 862-6589
Photo of Eri Rolland Art Therapist, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Eri Rolland Art Therapist
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Waitlist for new clients
Hey there! I'm excited you’re here. Balancing work, relationships, and family can be extremely difficult...adulting is rough, am I right? Growing up in the Google era, I too understand the social media anxiety experience. How do you manage information overload and make meaningful connections in a rapidly changing world? If you’re feeling lost or anxious- let's talk! I am here to help individuals learn how to manage life’s challenges in a effective and positive way. Additionally, I offer animal therapy with the adorable ICAN therapy dog, Levi (see pic below), providing unique support in our healing work together.
Hey there! I'm excited you’re here. Balancing work, relationships, and family can be extremely difficult...adulting is rough, am I right? Growing up in the Google era, I too understand the social media anxiety experience. How do you manage information overload and make meaningful connections in a rapidly changing world? If you’re feeling lost or anxious- let's talk! I am here to help individuals learn how to manage life’s challenges in a effective and positive way. Additionally, I offer animal therapy with the adorable ICAN therapy dog, Levi (see pic below), providing unique support in our healing work together.
(317) 565-4914 View (317) 565-4914
Photo of Melissa Atlas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Melissa Atlas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC, MATS
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46237
Do you wish that your brain came with an owner's manual? Have your compulsive habits made a mess of your health and your relationships? Does a difficult past keep intruding on your present? I am here to help! My clients start counseling because they feel stuck in patterns of harmful behaviors and negative thinking. They can see where they want to go in life, they just can't seem to make the lasting changes that would allow them to get there. Frequently, they describe feeling overwhelmed and hopeless, unsure that things can ever really improve. Let me help you get unstuck!
Do you wish that your brain came with an owner's manual? Have your compulsive habits made a mess of your health and your relationships? Does a difficult past keep intruding on your present? I am here to help! My clients start counseling because they feel stuck in patterns of harmful behaviors and negative thinking. They can see where they want to go in life, they just can't seem to make the lasting changes that would allow them to get there. Frequently, they describe feeling overwhelmed and hopeless, unsure that things can ever really improve. Let me help you get unstuck!
(317) 751-9200 View (317) 751-9200
Photo of Indiana Counseling & Resilience Center, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Indiana Counseling & Resilience Center
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46241
Just when you think you've got a handle on things, life gets turned upside down. Whether you're a young professional just starting out on your own, a couple looking to reignite your relationship, or a parent worried for your child's well-being, the stressors of life can pile up to a mountain. Anxiety, depression and that general "blah" feeling can become a daily struggle that leads to burnout and exhaustion. It's overwhelming and you shouldn't have to feel like you're constantly climbing a mountain.
Just when you think you've got a handle on things, life gets turned upside down. Whether you're a young professional just starting out on your own, a couple looking to reignite your relationship, or a parent worried for your child's well-being, the stressors of life can pile up to a mountain. Anxiety, depression and that general "blah" feeling can become a daily struggle that leads to burnout and exhaustion. It's overwhelming and you shouldn't have to feel like you're constantly climbing a mountain.
(317) 597-8678 View (317) 597-8678

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
66% Relationship Issues
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Anthem | Elevance
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.