Therapists in Dallas, TX

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Photo of Barbara Crowley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Barbara Crowley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75231
Accept, choose, and take action. Those are key components of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) style I embrace. ACT therapy encourages individuals to both seek a deeper understanding of occasional unpleasant realities in the world and choose to develop new behaviors which allow them to interact more successfully within that world. Because anxiety, depression and stress can interfere with living an enriched, meaningful life and realizing your valued goals, ACT serves as a way to "reboot" your thinking. In addition, I have been trained in both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-focused Therapy.
Accept, choose, and take action. Those are key components of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) style I embrace. ACT therapy encourages individuals to both seek a deeper understanding of occasional unpleasant realities in the world and choose to develop new behaviors which allow them to interact more successfully within that world. Because anxiety, depression and stress can interfere with living an enriched, meaningful life and realizing your valued goals, ACT serves as a way to "reboot" your thinking. In addition, I have been trained in both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-focused Therapy.
(469) 461-7279 View (469) 461-7279
Photo of Cara Waters, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Cara Waters
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75252
I specialize in addiction, codependency, trauma and LGBTQ issues. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist and treat all my clients with the dignity, respect, and affirmation they deserve. I am trained in EMDR, an evidence-based therapy that alleviates distress caused by traumatic memories.
I specialize in addiction, codependency, trauma and LGBTQ issues. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist and treat all my clients with the dignity, respect, and affirmation they deserve. I am trained in EMDR, an evidence-based therapy that alleviates distress caused by traumatic memories.
(469) 949-5901 View (469) 949-5901
Photo of Jennise Urbina Ramos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Jennise Urbina Ramos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75252
Looking for a new therapist is not easy, you might not know where to start or who to pick. The secret is to pick someone who made you feel comfortable opening up to, someone who you connected with. All therapists will be nonjudgmental, knowledgable and patient to help you through whatever brings you to therapy, it's the connection you will build that will help you gain the most you are looking to gain from coming to therapy.
Looking for a new therapist is not easy, you might not know where to start or who to pick. The secret is to pick someone who made you feel comfortable opening up to, someone who you connected with. All therapists will be nonjudgmental, knowledgable and patient to help you through whatever brings you to therapy, it's the connection you will build that will help you gain the most you are looking to gain from coming to therapy.
(469) 253-4044 View (469) 253-4044
Photo of Patricia Callahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Patricia Callahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75228  (Online Only)
Find relief from anxiety and depression related to a cancer diagnosis or other serious or chronic illness through the proven techniques of Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). Whether you or a loved one are facing significant health issues, you can experience freedom from the overwhelming daily istress of it all: unending medical appoinmtments, treatment side effects, uncertainty about the future, money worries, and a lack of understanding from people close to you who don't get what you're going through.
Find relief from anxiety and depression related to a cancer diagnosis or other serious or chronic illness through the proven techniques of Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). Whether you or a loved one are facing significant health issues, you can experience freedom from the overwhelming daily istress of it all: unending medical appoinmtments, treatment side effects, uncertainty about the future, money worries, and a lack of understanding from people close to you who don't get what you're going through.
(469) 589-4793 View (469) 589-4793
Photo of Flor Vanessa Leal, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Flor Vanessa Leal
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75206  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all face times in life when things can feel overwhelming and challenging. It is during these times that support and guidance is most valuable and helpful. It takes courage to seek support and I truly believe you are not here by mistake. As a Psychologist practicing in the state of Texas for the past 10 years I hope to help guide and support you through what you are facing. You are not alone. I am a firm believer that you are an expert in your life and together with my experience and expertise in counseling techniques, we can work together to meet your personal goals. I have flexible hours available. Se habla español.
We all face times in life when things can feel overwhelming and challenging. It is during these times that support and guidance is most valuable and helpful. It takes courage to seek support and I truly believe you are not here by mistake. As a Psychologist practicing in the state of Texas for the past 10 years I hope to help guide and support you through what you are facing. You are not alone. I am a firm believer that you are an expert in your life and together with my experience and expertise in counseling techniques, we can work together to meet your personal goals. I have flexible hours available. Se habla español.
(469) 405-9815 View (469) 405-9815
Photo of Dr. Robert Forrester, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Dr. Robert Forrester
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75204  (Online Only)
My clients are ideally willing to openly explore how current and past life stressors contribute to learned behavior patterns that may be ineffective and influence day-to-day suffering. I believe our life experiences influence us but do not have to define us or determine how we will function in the world. Additionally, we all have multiple identities, and we must learn to thrive in a world that is often ill-prepared to treat us with the respect and kindness we deserve. I understand the systemic obstacles often faced by people from diverse communities and seek to empower and support my clients.
My clients are ideally willing to openly explore how current and past life stressors contribute to learned behavior patterns that may be ineffective and influence day-to-day suffering. I believe our life experiences influence us but do not have to define us or determine how we will function in the world. Additionally, we all have multiple identities, and we must learn to thrive in a world that is often ill-prepared to treat us with the respect and kindness we deserve. I understand the systemic obstacles often faced by people from diverse communities and seek to empower and support my clients.
(469) 640-7189 View (469) 640-7189
Photo of Erika Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Erika Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75254  (Online Only)
Everyone needs assistance and guidance from time to time. I have spent the majority of my career in mental health working with the homeless population, youth, teens and individuals with severe mental health concerns. I have helped individuals to navigate a variety of issues. I am comfortable working with individuals who are on the Autism Spectrum, the LGBTQ+ population, navigating trauma related issues, anxiety, depression, and management of interpersonal relationships. I believe people should be allowed to grow and progress from whatever type of issues they are struggling with while being treating with compassion, respect and care.
Everyone needs assistance and guidance from time to time. I have spent the majority of my career in mental health working with the homeless population, youth, teens and individuals with severe mental health concerns. I have helped individuals to navigate a variety of issues. I am comfortable working with individuals who are on the Autism Spectrum, the LGBTQ+ population, navigating trauma related issues, anxiety, depression, and management of interpersonal relationships. I believe people should be allowed to grow and progress from whatever type of issues they are struggling with while being treating with compassion, respect and care.
(214) 753-8587 View (214) 753-8587
Photo of Deb Bushong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Deb Bushong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75206
Often the people who find me first are the families of my actual clients. They are seeking care for a loved one who is either developing symptoms or has been diagnosed with Psychosis. Most often families and friends don't really know what's happening, they just know that something has drastically changed. But finding treatment for Psychosis, outside of calling the 911 or going to an emergency department, is often very challenging. The good news is there is hope! Treatment for Psychosis has come a long way in the past years. The earlier a person starts treatment, then the better the outcomes are!
Often the people who find me first are the families of my actual clients. They are seeking care for a loved one who is either developing symptoms or has been diagnosed with Psychosis. Most often families and friends don't really know what's happening, they just know that something has drastically changed. But finding treatment for Psychosis, outside of calling the 911 or going to an emergency department, is often very challenging. The good news is there is hope! Treatment for Psychosis has come a long way in the past years. The earlier a person starts treatment, then the better the outcomes are!
(214) 466-8608 View (214) 466-8608
Photo of Dorothy J Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Dorothy J Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75252  (Online Only)
Dorothy offers telehealth only afternoon and evening online appointments Tuesdays through Thursdays. Dorothy is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who holds a Masters Degree in Clinical Social Work. Dorothy has extensive experience working with adults (21 and up) and elders/seniors helping clients improve, restore and maintain emotional and social well being.
Dorothy offers telehealth only afternoon and evening online appointments Tuesdays through Thursdays. Dorothy is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who holds a Masters Degree in Clinical Social Work. Dorothy has extensive experience working with adults (21 and up) and elders/seniors helping clients improve, restore and maintain emotional and social well being.
(214) 233-6987 View (214) 233-6987
Photo of Mary Moses, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Mary Moses
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75248
As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(469) 351-3876 View (469) 351-3876
Photo of James Pacifico, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Dallas, TX
James Pacifico
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75235
I believe anyone can benefit from counseling. We all lead busy lives in an increasingly complex world; at its most basic, counseling offers a set time and place for a person to slow down, catch their breath, and talk through parts of their life in the service of making it better. Whether you want to know yourself more deeply, process impactful life events or relationships, heal from mental or emotional pain, or further develop aspects of yourself for a better quality of life, I aim to help my clients with these goals and others.
I believe anyone can benefit from counseling. We all lead busy lives in an increasingly complex world; at its most basic, counseling offers a set time and place for a person to slow down, catch their breath, and talk through parts of their life in the service of making it better. Whether you want to know yourself more deeply, process impactful life events or relationships, heal from mental or emotional pain, or further develop aspects of yourself for a better quality of life, I aim to help my clients with these goals and others.
(469) 423-9663 View (469) 423-9663
Photo of Samantha Sample, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Samantha Sample
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75230
Welcome. My name is Samatha and I specialize in areas often related to interpersonal trauma such as post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, and issues of social inequity. Interpersonal trauma can include anything from childhood trauma that occurs in the family of origin, to ongoing discrimination in everyday life. Often times, trauma interferes with our ability to trust others and the world around us. This makes it very difficult to feel safe and secure in our own skin. It can be challenging to engage in the present moment and feel fulfilled, and it can compromise our health in many ways.
Welcome. My name is Samatha and I specialize in areas often related to interpersonal trauma such as post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, and issues of social inequity. Interpersonal trauma can include anything from childhood trauma that occurs in the family of origin, to ongoing discrimination in everyday life. Often times, trauma interferes with our ability to trust others and the world around us. This makes it very difficult to feel safe and secure in our own skin. It can be challenging to engage in the present moment and feel fulfilled, and it can compromise our health in many ways.
(972) 316-9889 View (972) 316-9889
Photo of Eliana Valentin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Eliana Valentin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75240
There are a lot of ideas about what therapy looks like. Luckily, therapy itself is becoming more understood, but that is what therapy is in itself. If you are looking for connection and just to be understood, then I might be the right fit for you. I'm not here to bore you with all of the clinical verbiage, in an attempt to psychoanalyze you. I'm here to connect, listen, and ultimately strive to understand. Many people underestimate the power of being heard, and that is what I'd like to offer.
There are a lot of ideas about what therapy looks like. Luckily, therapy itself is becoming more understood, but that is what therapy is in itself. If you are looking for connection and just to be understood, then I might be the right fit for you. I'm not here to bore you with all of the clinical verbiage, in an attempt to psychoanalyze you. I'm here to connect, listen, and ultimately strive to understand. Many people underestimate the power of being heard, and that is what I'd like to offer.
(469) 436-6089 View (469) 436-6089
Photo of Tammie Greggains, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Tammie Greggains
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75254  (Online Only)
Hello, I am a Nationally Board Certified Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, in the state of Texas. I have worked in the mental health field for over 14 years. I have worked in the school system as a school counselor and in private practice to help youth and adolescents, individuals and families.
Hello, I am a Nationally Board Certified Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, in the state of Texas. I have worked in the mental health field for over 14 years. I have worked in the school system as a school counselor and in private practice to help youth and adolescents, individuals and families.
(469) 373-7320 View (469) 373-7320
Photo of Margaret Watkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Margaret Watkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75204
Are you feeling stressed, lost, numb, anxious or overwhelmed? Do you feel like you’re at a crossroad in your life and you don’t know which way to turn? My mission as a therapist is to help you through whatever life challenges has thrown your way. While I don’t have a magic wand, I’ll provide you with the tools you need to help overcome or cope with past experiences and produce internal growth. I have over 10+ years of working with a diverse population including adolescents, adults and families.
Are you feeling stressed, lost, numb, anxious or overwhelmed? Do you feel like you’re at a crossroad in your life and you don’t know which way to turn? My mission as a therapist is to help you through whatever life challenges has thrown your way. While I don’t have a magic wand, I’ll provide you with the tools you need to help overcome or cope with past experiences and produce internal growth. I have over 10+ years of working with a diverse population including adolescents, adults and families.
(469) 663-9818 View (469) 663-9818
Photo of Elizabeth Zak, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Elizabeth Zak
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75252
Not accepting new clients
I understand that deciding to see a Psychologist is stressful and a big first step toward feeling better. I believe the benefit you receive from therapy is directly related to your feeling of comfort and connection with your therapist. I have a warm sense of humor and use compassion and sensitivity to quickly understand your situation. I incorporate a Cognitive-Behavioral approach in therapy and focus on the therapeutic relationship, warmth and genuine understanding. As a wife, professional, and mom to two teens, two dogs and two guinea pigs, I know life can be hectic! My goal is to help you wade through the chaos to find the calm.
I understand that deciding to see a Psychologist is stressful and a big first step toward feeling better. I believe the benefit you receive from therapy is directly related to your feeling of comfort and connection with your therapist. I have a warm sense of humor and use compassion and sensitivity to quickly understand your situation. I incorporate a Cognitive-Behavioral approach in therapy and focus on the therapeutic relationship, warmth and genuine understanding. As a wife, professional, and mom to two teens, two dogs and two guinea pigs, I know life can be hectic! My goal is to help you wade through the chaos to find the calm.
View
Photo of Armand G Howard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Armand G Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75201
Many of my clients want to experience self-realization/actualization. Most want richer relationships, more confidence in the workplace and a greater sense of joy in life. Some want to improve the management of daily stress and overcome symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, grief and trauma. Many simply want support in reaching optimal physical health & emotional wellbeing.
Many of my clients want to experience self-realization/actualization. Most want richer relationships, more confidence in the workplace and a greater sense of joy in life. Some want to improve the management of daily stress and overcome symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, grief and trauma. Many simply want support in reaching optimal physical health & emotional wellbeing.
(214) 740-4796 View (214) 740-4796
Photo of JM Counseling & Coaching Services - Joseph Massey, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Dallas, TX
JM Counseling & Coaching Services - Joseph Massey
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, CART
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75243
I began my education in the mental health field and spent my initial years training with great counselors and working at all levels of treatment. I have worked with adults, adolescents and young adults. After many years of working for other treatment providers I made the decision in 2009 to open my own practice. In addition to my private practice, I co-host a podcast called Life, Lived Better and work with Foundation 45 an incredible non-profit organization in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area that assists individuals with suicide prevention, addiction and mental health awareness.
I began my education in the mental health field and spent my initial years training with great counselors and working at all levels of treatment. I have worked with adults, adolescents and young adults. After many years of working for other treatment providers I made the decision in 2009 to open my own practice. In addition to my private practice, I co-host a podcast called Life, Lived Better and work with Foundation 45 an incredible non-profit organization in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area that assists individuals with suicide prevention, addiction and mental health awareness.
(972) 433-5566 View (972) 433-5566
Photo of Yaffa Podbilewicz-Weinberg, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Yaffa Podbilewicz-Weinberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75248  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Psychologist passionate about Health Psychology for more than 20 years, I work collaboratively with clients to improve their quality of life and overall health. We work by first understanding the nuances of the challenges you face in the context of your unique situation, priorities, and values. Your individual program is created to expand strategies to manage your condition, assuage emotions like fear, confusion, despair, anger, or sadness, while growing your tool kit for dealing with the many aspects of illness, strengthening effective coping skills, improving relationships and building resilience.
As a Licensed Psychologist passionate about Health Psychology for more than 20 years, I work collaboratively with clients to improve their quality of life and overall health. We work by first understanding the nuances of the challenges you face in the context of your unique situation, priorities, and values. Your individual program is created to expand strategies to manage your condition, assuage emotions like fear, confusion, despair, anger, or sadness, while growing your tool kit for dealing with the many aspects of illness, strengthening effective coping skills, improving relationships and building resilience.
(469) 551-5113 View (469) 551-5113
Photo of Heather Henry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Heather Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCPS-C, CSAT-C, PSEP
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75219
If you are struggling with feelings of anxiety and depression, or having difficulty sustaining healthy relationships, I can help. Maybe you have never felt feel worthy of love, slipped into a state of numbness, or find it hard to look at yourself in the mirror. We can lose ourselves in the web of transgenerational trauma, abuse and shame. I help people recover from unresolved trauma and historical wounds that continue to hold us back from the life we want to live. I am here to help you heal and move forward with deeper insight and a renewed sense of self. No one should have to take this journey alone!
If you are struggling with feelings of anxiety and depression, or having difficulty sustaining healthy relationships, I can help. Maybe you have never felt feel worthy of love, slipped into a state of numbness, or find it hard to look at yourself in the mirror. We can lose ourselves in the web of transgenerational trauma, abuse and shame. I help people recover from unresolved trauma and historical wounds that continue to hold us back from the life we want to live. I am here to help you heal and move forward with deeper insight and a renewed sense of self. No one should have to take this journey alone!
(469) 557-9732 x4 View (469) 557-9732 x4

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Dallas, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Dallas, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Dallas, TX see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Dallas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.