Therapists in El Dorado, KS

Photo of Chelsey Thornhill, Licensed Professional Counselor in El Dorado, KS
Chelsey Thornhill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
Embark on a transformative journey towards mental well-being, where your comfort and healing take center stage. Recognizing the courage it takes to prioritize your mental health, I offer a safe and inviting space for our collaborative work. I understand the sensitivity of sharing personal details, and I tailor my approach to meet you where you are in your unique journey. Your goals, needs, and personal path are the compass for our therapeutic exploration. Rest assured, confidentiality is a cornerstone of my practice.
Embark on a transformative journey towards mental well-being, where your comfort and healing take center stage. Recognizing the courage it takes to prioritize your mental health, I offer a safe and inviting space for our collaborative work. I understand the sensitivity of sharing personal details, and I tailor my approach to meet you where you are in your unique journey. Your goals, needs, and personal path are the compass for our therapeutic exploration. Rest assured, confidentiality is a cornerstone of my practice.
(316) 365-8186 View (316) 365-8186
Photo of Chip Staats, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Chip Staats
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
I became a therapist for one simple reason: I love people! For me, it is not a job, but a calling. Our mission as therapists/counselors/helpers and healers is to come along side those who have fallen, and help them up; to walk with them on their journey and hopefully assist them by giving insight and understanding of their pasts and presents which will provide them hope for their futures. It is my belief that therapy is a collaborative effort, where both my clients and I work together in forming realistic treatment plans, complete with attainable goals.
I became a therapist for one simple reason: I love people! For me, it is not a job, but a calling. Our mission as therapists/counselors/helpers and healers is to come along side those who have fallen, and help them up; to walk with them on their journey and hopefully assist them by giving insight and understanding of their pasts and presents which will provide them hope for their futures. It is my belief that therapy is a collaborative effort, where both my clients and I work together in forming realistic treatment plans, complete with attainable goals.
(316) 313-4973 View (316) 313-4973
Photo of Rod Martin, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Rod Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042  (Online Only)
I have been successfully treating children, adults, and marriage issues for over twenty years. My passion is working with children helping them develop to the highest potential possible. Children are people too!! I work out of a non judgmental stance and the highest positive regard for my patients.
I have been successfully treating children, adults, and marriage issues for over twenty years. My passion is working with children helping them develop to the highest potential possible. Children are people too!! I work out of a non judgmental stance and the highest positive regard for my patients.
(316) 854-4645 View (316) 854-4645
Photo of Bruce Nystrom, Psychologist in El Dorado, KS
Bruce Nystrom
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
Stress affects us all in different ways. Short term counseling with cognitive behavior therapy can many times lead to a reduction in problems. I evaluate persons to better identify issues such as children with ADHD, autism, or intellectual disabilities or adults with PTSD and emotional trauma are a focus of evaluation and treatment. I evaluate persons prior to bariatric surgery, for pre-employment and return to work issues, and several court related or forensic issues. The saying 'if you don't test, it's just a guess' is a keystone of my practice.
Stress affects us all in different ways. Short term counseling with cognitive behavior therapy can many times lead to a reduction in problems. I evaluate persons to better identify issues such as children with ADHD, autism, or intellectual disabilities or adults with PTSD and emotional trauma are a focus of evaluation and treatment. I evaluate persons prior to bariatric surgery, for pre-employment and return to work issues, and several court related or forensic issues. The saying 'if you don't test, it's just a guess' is a keystone of my practice.
(316) 530-1506 View (316) 530-1506
Photo of Linda Crenshaw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Linda Crenshaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
If you are looking for solutions and guidance based on your needs, I would like to be a part of the journey to a better you. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, encouraging, and collaborative environment for people of all ages throughout their journey. I am a Licensed Specialist Clinical Social Worker and Registered Play Therapist. I provide psychotherapy to children (ages 6-17), adults, and families. My areas of specialty are anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, stress management, parenting, attachment/relationship issues, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and grief/loss issues.
If you are looking for solutions and guidance based on your needs, I would like to be a part of the journey to a better you. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, encouraging, and collaborative environment for people of all ages throughout their journey. I am a Licensed Specialist Clinical Social Worker and Registered Play Therapist. I provide psychotherapy to children (ages 6-17), adults, and families. My areas of specialty are anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, stress management, parenting, attachment/relationship issues, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and grief/loss issues.
(316) 776-4766 View (316) 776-4766
Photo of E. Lamonica Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
E. Lamonica Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
When emotional pain interrupt's your life it can be both paralyzing and debilitating affecting your daily life and routine. When this happen's it can feel as if your whole world has came to an screeching halt, and that is because it has. You may be experiencing thoughts dominated by loss coupled with poor concentration, tearful spells, and confusion about your future. Maybe you're feeling depressed or discouraged by a variety of life's interruption's. Whatever kind of pain and emotional discomfort that you are feeling, I care and I want to help you heal and move forward.
When emotional pain interrupt's your life it can be both paralyzing and debilitating affecting your daily life and routine. When this happen's it can feel as if your whole world has came to an screeching halt, and that is because it has. You may be experiencing thoughts dominated by loss coupled with poor concentration, tearful spells, and confusion about your future. Maybe you're feeling depressed or discouraged by a variety of life's interruption's. Whatever kind of pain and emotional discomfort that you are feeling, I care and I want to help you heal and move forward.
(316) 313-4246 View (316) 313-4246
Photo of Aaron Scharenberg, Counselor in El Dorado, KS
Aaron Scharenberg
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
As a licensed therapist I have been practicing for over 20 years. I love my job and I love helping people. I enjoy helping those experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship problems, life transition problems, parenting issues, self-esteem issues, and those recovering from trauma. I am trained in EMDR. If I can serve you, please give me a call today.
As a licensed therapist I have been practicing for over 20 years. I love my job and I love helping people. I enjoy helping those experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship problems, life transition problems, parenting issues, self-esteem issues, and those recovering from trauma. I am trained in EMDR. If I can serve you, please give me a call today.
(833) 443-7955 View (833) 443-7955
Photo of Chelsea Sampoll, Licensed Professional Counselor in El Dorado, KS
Chelsea Sampoll
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
I specialize in working with ages 15 and up. I offer a non-judgmental space that allows clients to express themselves and be open in session. I started as an educator and then a high school counselor prior to branching off into private practice. I enjoy helping individuals work through their difficult times and grow into who they desire to be. I don’t believe that a person needs “fixed” but more that you just need support while you grow and shift during a challenging time. I also enjoy helping couples reconnect and learn how to be the best partner they can be while keeping communication and intimacy intact.
I specialize in working with ages 15 and up. I offer a non-judgmental space that allows clients to express themselves and be open in session. I started as an educator and then a high school counselor prior to branching off into private practice. I enjoy helping individuals work through their difficult times and grow into who they desire to be. I don’t believe that a person needs “fixed” but more that you just need support while you grow and shift during a challenging time. I also enjoy helping couples reconnect and learn how to be the best partner they can be while keeping communication and intimacy intact.
(316) 999-4518 View (316) 999-4518
Photo of Grace Elise Mitchell, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Grace Elise Mitchell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-T
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
Hey there! I’m a marriage and family therapist who enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families from various backgrounds and walks of life. I have experience working with people of various ages, identities, religious/spiritual beliefs, and sexualities. I really enjoy helping people define and achieve their unique goals and needs in therapy, and I strive to offer a relaxed environment where people can be themselves whatever that may look like.
Hey there! I’m a marriage and family therapist who enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families from various backgrounds and walks of life. I have experience working with people of various ages, identities, religious/spiritual beliefs, and sexualities. I really enjoy helping people define and achieve their unique goals and needs in therapy, and I strive to offer a relaxed environment where people can be themselves whatever that may look like.
(316) 542-6302 View (316) 542-6302
Photo of Heidi Trumble, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Heidi Trumble
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We don’t come into this world with a guidebook and at times our upbringing fails to equip us emotionally for the journey ahead. This combined with life stressors and lack of support can make it difficult to navigate challenges that come our way and can negatively impact our mental health. Our minds can feel like a runaway train, our bodies run on auto pilot and relationships are left strained. Depression and anxiety can set in, leaving us helpless and overwhelmed. Emotional injuries may show up as difficulty trusting others, expressing or regulating emotions, or solving problems.
We don’t come into this world with a guidebook and at times our upbringing fails to equip us emotionally for the journey ahead. This combined with life stressors and lack of support can make it difficult to navigate challenges that come our way and can negatively impact our mental health. Our minds can feel like a runaway train, our bodies run on auto pilot and relationships are left strained. Depression and anxiety can set in, leaving us helpless and overwhelmed. Emotional injuries may show up as difficulty trusting others, expressing or regulating emotions, or solving problems.
(316) 600-7235 View (316) 600-7235
Photo of Josh Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Josh Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW , 12882
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel that you have lost your sense of self? Do you wonder where to start in making life a bit easier? Now more than ever, people are feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, and uncertain about finding their place in life. I offer therapy for teens, adults, and couples. We will start with an in-depth assessment of the struggles you are facing. After that, we will clearly define which areas of your life you would like to see a difference in. I believe everyone has the energy within themselves to succeed and heal. I would consider it a privilege to assist you in your journey to find that energy.
Do you feel that you have lost your sense of self? Do you wonder where to start in making life a bit easier? Now more than ever, people are feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, and uncertain about finding their place in life. I offer therapy for teens, adults, and couples. We will start with an in-depth assessment of the struggles you are facing. After that, we will clearly define which areas of your life you would like to see a difference in. I believe everyone has the energy within themselves to succeed and heal. I would consider it a privilege to assist you in your journey to find that energy.
(316) 553-4856 View (316) 553-4856
Photo of Rachel Wehry in El Dorado, KS
Rachel Wehry
LMSW
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
I serve a variety of clients: adults, couples, children and their families, and teens
I serve a variety of clients: adults, couples, children and their families, and teens
(316) 974-1400 View (316) 974-1400
Photo of Ana Liza Scully-Skinner, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Ana Liza Scully-Skinner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
Given the chaos that seems to surround us 24/7, I can understand why so many of us are struggling with fear, regret, anger, and resentment. I also believe that even if we feel like we’re stuck repeating the same painful patterns or behaviors, it’s possible to change, it’s possible to resolve past hurt, it’s possible to enjoy life again.
Given the chaos that seems to surround us 24/7, I can understand why so many of us are struggling with fear, regret, anger, and resentment. I also believe that even if we feel like we’re stuck repeating the same painful patterns or behaviors, it’s possible to change, it’s possible to resolve past hurt, it’s possible to enjoy life again.
(316) 844-6293 View (316) 844-6293
Photo of Courtney Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Courtney Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Dorado, KS 67042
Do you, or your child, struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, or ADHD that affects your quality of life? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, and lost at the end of the day? Just to do it all over again tomorrow? Do you ever wonder if your if things will get better? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious and uncertain about all of life’s struggles. Sometimes it’s a struggle to even start the day: You, or your child, deserves to wake up every day living the life you want.
Do you, or your child, struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, or ADHD that affects your quality of life? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, and lost at the end of the day? Just to do it all over again tomorrow? Do you ever wonder if your if things will get better? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious and uncertain about all of life’s struggles. Sometimes it’s a struggle to even start the day: You, or your child, deserves to wake up every day living the life you want.
(316) 666-1838 View (316) 666-1838
Photo of Germaine Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Germaine Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, BSP, CCTP
Verified Verified
El Dorado, KS 67042
I am a Licensed Masters Level Social Worker, Brainspotting Practitioner and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional focusing on child behavior disorders. I am a member of the National Association of Social Workers and the Kansas Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers. I thoroughly enjoy working with individuals of all ages. My practice openly accepts clients of all backgrounds, sexual orientations, religions, ages, and cultures.
I am a Licensed Masters Level Social Worker, Brainspotting Practitioner and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional focusing on child behavior disorders. I am a member of the National Association of Social Workers and the Kansas Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers. I thoroughly enjoy working with individuals of all ages. My practice openly accepts clients of all backgrounds, sexual orientations, religions, ages, and cultures.
(316) 799-0206 View (316) 799-0206

Online Therapists

Photo of Hillary Mehas, Licensed Professional Counselor in El Dorado, KS
Hillary Mehas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502  (Online Only)
My passion is helping others navigate difficult times because sometimes life’s hurdles seem too big to conquer alone. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), I provide therapy for teens (14+) and adults using a person-centered approach that incorporates a variety of techniques to meet the needs of each client. My specialties include: trauma/PTSD, anxiety, OCD, mood disorder, grief, relationship difficulties, stress management, and general life adjustment issues. If you are seeking a safe, non-judgmental, and welcoming space to process life challenges, please give me a call. I look forward to working with you.
My passion is helping others navigate difficult times because sometimes life’s hurdles seem too big to conquer alone. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), I provide therapy for teens (14+) and adults using a person-centered approach that incorporates a variety of techniques to meet the needs of each client. My specialties include: trauma/PTSD, anxiety, OCD, mood disorder, grief, relationship difficulties, stress management, and general life adjustment issues. If you are seeking a safe, non-judgmental, and welcoming space to process life challenges, please give me a call. I look forward to working with you.
(785) 322-8812 View (785) 322-8812
Photo of Jenna Tripodi-McIlwee, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Jenna Tripodi-McIlwee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Waitlist for new clients
I help kids, teens and adults learn to be kinder to themselves. Most of my clients come to my office having spent years trying to be perfect, talking negatively to themselves and feeling loads of shame. Perhaps they suspect they have anxiety, depression or PTSD from some of the things they have been through. If this sounds like you, please know, you are worthy of a life that is joyful and authentic; I would love to help you work through whatever roadblocks are standing in the way of that!
I help kids, teens and adults learn to be kinder to themselves. Most of my clients come to my office having spent years trying to be perfect, talking negatively to themselves and feeling loads of shame. Perhaps they suspect they have anxiety, depression or PTSD from some of the things they have been through. If this sounds like you, please know, you are worthy of a life that is joyful and authentic; I would love to help you work through whatever roadblocks are standing in the way of that!
(785) 504-4828 View (785) 504-4828
Photo of Tori Sander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Tori Sander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Salina, KS 67401
Hello and welcome, I’m Tori. I believe that at certain times in our lives we need extra support to help us create the lives we want to live and heal from circumstances that may have caused us pain. I enjoy working with a variety of clients in reaching their full potential. I’m most experienced with teens, young adults, those pregnant and postpartum, new parents, and inclusive mental health. Whatever your experience or goals may be, your story is welcome here.
Hello and welcome, I’m Tori. I believe that at certain times in our lives we need extra support to help us create the lives we want to live and heal from circumstances that may have caused us pain. I enjoy working with a variety of clients in reaching their full potential. I’m most experienced with teens, young adults, those pregnant and postpartum, new parents, and inclusive mental health. Whatever your experience or goals may be, your story is welcome here.
(785) 329-1077 x15 View (785) 329-1077 x15
Photo of Angie Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Dorado, KS
Angie Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67230
With 25 years of experience, I have a natural ability to connect with others on a deep, meaningful level. Through my work with individuals, couples, people with complex medical issues, and hospice patients and their families, I have an understanding of the challenges and transitions people face. I'm invested in creating a strong, safe, trusting therapeutic relationship where clients feel seen, heard, and valued. I will work alongside to explore patterns and impacts, promote the transformative power of self-discovery, identify & focus on strengths, & help develop or fine-tune techniques to manage life's difficulties & transitions.
With 25 years of experience, I have a natural ability to connect with others on a deep, meaningful level. Through my work with individuals, couples, people with complex medical issues, and hospice patients and their families, I have an understanding of the challenges and transitions people face. I'm invested in creating a strong, safe, trusting therapeutic relationship where clients feel seen, heard, and valued. I will work alongside to explore patterns and impacts, promote the transformative power of self-discovery, identify & focus on strengths, & help develop or fine-tune techniques to manage life's difficulties & transitions.
(316) 330-0065 View (316) 330-0065
Photo of Petunia M Monchusie, Counselor in El Dorado, KS
Petunia M Monchusie
Counselor, PhD, LCAC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Petunia Monchusie, Ph.D., LCAC, LCPC is a Mental Health Professional with a doctors degree focusing on Exercise Psychology and Substance Abuse. She specializes in Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions, and Cooccurring disorders. She is also the founder of Healthy Recovery Options- a State Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment Facility-which provides Drug and Alcohol Evaluations, DUI classes, Domestic Violence Evaluations, Batterers Intervention Program, all Other Assessments, and Individual, Couples, and Group Psychotherapy. Her international work experiences help her to work with a cultural diverse population 18 years and older.
Petunia Monchusie, Ph.D., LCAC, LCPC is a Mental Health Professional with a doctors degree focusing on Exercise Psychology and Substance Abuse. She specializes in Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions, and Cooccurring disorders. She is also the founder of Healthy Recovery Options- a State Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment Facility-which provides Drug and Alcohol Evaluations, DUI classes, Domestic Violence Evaluations, Batterers Intervention Program, all Other Assessments, and Individual, Couples, and Group Psychotherapy. Her international work experiences help her to work with a cultural diverse population 18 years and older.
(913) 954-4612 View (913) 954-4612

See more therapy options for El Dorado

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in El Dorado, KS

10+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in El Dorado, KS who prioritize treating:

87% Anxiety
87% Trauma and PTSD
80% Depression
80% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
67% Relationship Issues
67% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Aetna
67% Medicaid

How Therapists in El Dorado, KS see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

62% Female
38% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in El Dorado?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.