Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Sima Kainejad, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Sima Kainejad
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
Emotional and Mental health issues inevitably have become part of our everyday living, though we simply cannot allow them to rule our lives. Learning to cope with stress, emotional pains and disappointing experiences (whether be school, relationship, work/other daily functioning) is a prerequisite to human existence.
Emotional and Mental health issues inevitably have become part of our everyday living, though we simply cannot allow them to rule our lives. Learning to cope with stress, emotional pains and disappointing experiences (whether be school, relationship, work/other daily functioning) is a prerequisite to human existence.
(508) 544-0348 View (508) 544-0348
Photo of Chanelle Dow, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Chanelle Dow
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
My integrative treatment approach is designed to fit my clients’ unique and varying needs. The treatment I provide is culturally-informed and identity-affirming with the intent of building a trusting and open therapeutic relationship. My work is heavily influenced by relational, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral treatment modalities.
My integrative treatment approach is designed to fit my clients’ unique and varying needs. The treatment I provide is culturally-informed and identity-affirming with the intent of building a trusting and open therapeutic relationship. My work is heavily influenced by relational, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral treatment modalities.
(617) 468-7080 View (617) 468-7080
Photo of Albert Thrower, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Albert Thrower
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
My primary strength as a clinician is my ability to help clients make connections. Primarily using Internal Family Systems therapy, I help clients manage day-to-day challenges as well as identify patterns and follow these back to deeper root causes. By approaching your inner wounds and survival tactics with empathy, you can begin to reimagine your relationships to yourself and to others. I offer a non-judgmental ear, an empathetic perspective, and 10 years of experience in the field to guide you through the work. Sometimes it's hard, sometimes it's fun, and I'm here for all of it.
My primary strength as a clinician is my ability to help clients make connections. Primarily using Internal Family Systems therapy, I help clients manage day-to-day challenges as well as identify patterns and follow these back to deeper root causes. By approaching your inner wounds and survival tactics with empathy, you can begin to reimagine your relationships to yourself and to others. I offer a non-judgmental ear, an empathetic perspective, and 10 years of experience in the field to guide you through the work. Sometimes it's hard, sometimes it's fun, and I'm here for all of it.
(617) 299-7246 View (617) 299-7246
Photo of Sevkiye Berfin Isik Yilmaz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cambridge, MA
Sevkiye Berfin Isik Yilmaz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MSc, PhD(c)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Life can sometimes feel like a tough puzzle, and it's okay to admit when you need help putting the pieces together. By reading this, you've shown incredible bravery in seeking support, and I'm here to be your guide. My ideal clients are children with developmental delays or social-emotional and behavioral challenges. Additionally, I work with parents or guardians deeply committed to their children's well-being, seeking assistance in addressing these challenges. They require understanding, support, and effective strategies to help their children thrive.
Life can sometimes feel like a tough puzzle, and it's okay to admit when you need help putting the pieces together. By reading this, you've shown incredible bravery in seeking support, and I'm here to be your guide. My ideal clients are children with developmental delays or social-emotional and behavioral challenges. Additionally, I work with parents or guardians deeply committed to their children's well-being, seeking assistance in addressing these challenges. They require understanding, support, and effective strategies to help their children thrive.
(508) 938-8623 View (508) 938-8623
Photo of Alenka Larsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Alenka Larsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Alenka Larsen. I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker in Massachusetts and I work with children (10 and older), adolescents, and adults struggling with any of the following issues: OCD, depression/anxiety, trauma, body dysmorphia, and self-harm.
Hi! My name is Alenka Larsen. I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker in Massachusetts and I work with children (10 and older), adolescents, and adults struggling with any of the following issues: OCD, depression/anxiety, trauma, body dysmorphia, and self-harm.
(469) 871-8552 View (469) 871-8552
Photo of Kathryn Hewitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Kathryn Hewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Welcome! I am a trauma informed therapist who strives to create a nonjudgmental, safe and empowering relationship with my clients. I work with adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions and adjustments. I have a range of experience working in hospital settings, supporting patient and families with new diagnoses, chronic illness, mental health crises, trauma and end of life. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where we work together to make the changes that mean the most to you.
Welcome! I am a trauma informed therapist who strives to create a nonjudgmental, safe and empowering relationship with my clients. I work with adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions and adjustments. I have a range of experience working in hospital settings, supporting patient and families with new diagnoses, chronic illness, mental health crises, trauma and end of life. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where we work together to make the changes that mean the most to you.
(857) 575-4423 View (857) 575-4423
Photo of Julia Barry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Julia Barry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, SEP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner® who provides psychotherapy to adult individuals, couples, families and mother/infant pairs. I utilize psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing® and mindfulness techniques. I specialize in the treatment of single event trauma, complex trauma, dissociative disorders, anxiety, depression, mother/infant bonding, relationship issues, sex and sexuality, and personal growth.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner® who provides psychotherapy to adult individuals, couples, families and mother/infant pairs. I utilize psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing® and mindfulness techniques. I specialize in the treatment of single event trauma, complex trauma, dissociative disorders, anxiety, depression, mother/infant bonding, relationship issues, sex and sexuality, and personal growth.
(310) 598-7546 View (310) 598-7546
Photo of Ashley Almeida, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Ashley Almeida
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Ashley (she/her/hers) is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. She has professional counseling experience working in tandem with individuals seeking to discover, heal, and progress to their most authentic selves. Ashley seeks to provide an empathic understanding of the human condition to each person served and has vast experience treating individuals with anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders, body-image concerns, relationship issues, and adolescent/adulthood life transitions.
Ashley (she/her/hers) is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. She has professional counseling experience working in tandem with individuals seeking to discover, heal, and progress to their most authentic selves. Ashley seeks to provide an empathic understanding of the human condition to each person served and has vast experience treating individuals with anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders, body-image concerns, relationship issues, and adolescent/adulthood life transitions.
(857) 386-7168 View (857) 386-7168
Photo of Jessica Baker, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Jessica Baker
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all struggle with something - our work, our relationships, even ourselves. Often, we are not aware of the obstacles keeping us from living a satisfying life. Asking for guidance can be scary or intimidating, but why suffer alone? Therapeutic work can provide a secure environment to discover creative solutions to life’s frustrations and become aware of our unconscious mind.
We all struggle with something - our work, our relationships, even ourselves. Often, we are not aware of the obstacles keeping us from living a satisfying life. Asking for guidance can be scary or intimidating, but why suffer alone? Therapeutic work can provide a secure environment to discover creative solutions to life’s frustrations and become aware of our unconscious mind.
(617) 415-4362 View (617) 415-4362
Photo of Christine Guerrier Joseph, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Christine Guerrier Joseph
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Expressing one's self and naming emotions can be exhausting. Specifically men would tell me "no one ever taught or allowed me to express myself from when I was a kid". Not being able to communicate and express yourself will eventually stunt growth in relationships and in personal development. However, the arts add a variety and texture to the verbal that can be described, shaped and...transformed. This allows us to return back to the first ways we communicated in our early years which turns into a freeing experience. You begin to engage differently with yourself, others and start to have a clear plan for your wellbeing.
Expressing one's self and naming emotions can be exhausting. Specifically men would tell me "no one ever taught or allowed me to express myself from when I was a kid". Not being able to communicate and express yourself will eventually stunt growth in relationships and in personal development. However, the arts add a variety and texture to the verbal that can be described, shaped and...transformed. This allows us to return back to the first ways we communicated in our early years which turns into a freeing experience. You begin to engage differently with yourself, others and start to have a clear plan for your wellbeing.
(561) 559-4729 View (561) 559-4729
Photo of Joseph Berlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Joseph Berlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I seek to help clients find a greater range of freedom, creativity, and sense of possibility in their lives. I prioritize creating a space in which you will feel safe and thoughtfully engaged. Through the unique therapeutic relationship we establish, we will work to better understand the patterns and contexts that underlie your feelings, behaviors, and symptoms. I have advanced training in psychodynamic psychotherapy from a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital. My therapeutic stance is gentle, accepting, and curious.
I seek to help clients find a greater range of freedom, creativity, and sense of possibility in their lives. I prioritize creating a space in which you will feel safe and thoughtfully engaged. Through the unique therapeutic relationship we establish, we will work to better understand the patterns and contexts that underlie your feelings, behaviors, and symptoms. I have advanced training in psychodynamic psychotherapy from a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital. My therapeutic stance is gentle, accepting, and curious.
(617) 209-9480 View (617) 209-9480
Photo of Eric Dawson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Eric Dawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
Eric is attuned to the mental health challenges that athletes face. He currently works as a clinical sport social worker within Harvard Athletics, where he provides individual counseling and co-leads their Mind and Body program. He incorporates mindfulness into his practice, as well as psychodynamic approaches like Internal Family Systems and Self Psychology. Eric works with a limited number of college and professional athletes who are committed and dedicated to improving their relationship with themselves.
Eric is attuned to the mental health challenges that athletes face. He currently works as a clinical sport social worker within Harvard Athletics, where he provides individual counseling and co-leads their Mind and Body program. He incorporates mindfulness into his practice, as well as psychodynamic approaches like Internal Family Systems and Self Psychology. Eric works with a limited number of college and professional athletes who are committed and dedicated to improving their relationship with themselves.
(508) 893-4916 View (508) 893-4916
Photo of Cassondra Macaione, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Cassondra Macaione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
(617) 752-8394 View (617) 752-8394
Photo of Sophie Hans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(857) 578-1647 View (857) 578-1647
Photo of Lashanta Petroski-Ackley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Lashanta Petroski-Ackley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
Therapy should be tailored to address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of practices and methods, I work together with my clients, to determine which approach works best for them to address their ADHD, anxiety, depression or relationship challenges. I work with adults & couples of all ages, including college-aged and older adults. I specialize in treating mood and anxiety disorders, major life transitions (e.g., career, college), relational /familial concerns and trauma /PTSD. I also have specialized training in working with Couples, and individuals struggling with anger management issues.
Therapy should be tailored to address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of practices and methods, I work together with my clients, to determine which approach works best for them to address their ADHD, anxiety, depression or relationship challenges. I work with adults & couples of all ages, including college-aged and older adults. I specialize in treating mood and anxiety disorders, major life transitions (e.g., career, college), relational /familial concerns and trauma /PTSD. I also have specialized training in working with Couples, and individuals struggling with anger management issues.
(508) 593-4096 x6675 View (508) 593-4096 x6675
Photo of David W. Schafer, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
David W. Schafer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Therapy should address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of evidence-based practices and approaches, I work together with my clients to determine which approach works best for them, with the intent of addressing both symptoms and long-standing patterns of behavior. My approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and trauma-focused therapy. I also have a background in Jungian Therapy.
Therapy should address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of evidence-based practices and approaches, I work together with my clients to determine which approach works best for them, with the intent of addressing both symptoms and long-standing patterns of behavior. My approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and trauma-focused therapy. I also have a background in Jungian Therapy.
(857) 829-4011 View (857) 829-4011
Photo of Carly Inkpen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Carly Inkpen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Therapy can be a helpful way to address challenges in life. My approach to therapy is warm and collaborative. We’ll work together to figure out a process that makes sense for you. My priority is to make sure you feel heard, understood, and accepted. I have a particular interest in working with queer, transgender, and nonbinary children and adults. I’m also invested in working with immigrants, third culture kids, and those exploring questions of cultural identity. I'm trained in ketamine-assisted and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, and I offer a non-judgmental space to explore and integrate psychedelic experiences.
Therapy can be a helpful way to address challenges in life. My approach to therapy is warm and collaborative. We’ll work together to figure out a process that makes sense for you. My priority is to make sure you feel heard, understood, and accepted. I have a particular interest in working with queer, transgender, and nonbinary children and adults. I’m also invested in working with immigrants, third culture kids, and those exploring questions of cultural identity. I'm trained in ketamine-assisted and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, and I offer a non-judgmental space to explore and integrate psychedelic experiences.
(617) 401-9373 View (617) 401-9373
Photo of Tammy Adamietz, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Tammy Adamietz
Counselor, MA, LMHC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Seeking therapy is a sign of personal strength. Often people who engage in therapy are actually doing well in life, but would like to do better in one area or another. It takes awareness in our lives and courage to be able to reach out for help. I strive to put people at ease in building the therapeutic relationship. I also greatly value individual differences and approach each client with an open-minded and non-judgmental stance. I believe the therapeutic relationship is the most important aspect of a successful experience in therapy.
Seeking therapy is a sign of personal strength. Often people who engage in therapy are actually doing well in life, but would like to do better in one area or another. It takes awareness in our lives and courage to be able to reach out for help. I strive to put people at ease in building the therapeutic relationship. I also greatly value individual differences and approach each client with an open-minded and non-judgmental stance. I believe the therapeutic relationship is the most important aspect of a successful experience in therapy.
(781) 916-8076 View (781) 916-8076
Photo of Margaret K Aisenberg Psy.d. Phd, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Margaret K Aisenberg Psy.d. Phd
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Often we feel that happiness is just out of reach. The feeling of contentment from a success or relationship eludes us. I work with mothers, daughters, men and, especially, highly sensitive people, to look at why the "perfect is the enemy of the possible. " My specialities are procrastination, parenting, eating and body issues, and academic "stuckness "I have a background in academia and am experienced in the world of the arts as well as the intellect. Relational and psychodynamic training. Long-term work. GLBTQ friendly. Chronic pain expertise.
Often we feel that happiness is just out of reach. The feeling of contentment from a success or relationship eludes us. I work with mothers, daughters, men and, especially, highly sensitive people, to look at why the "perfect is the enemy of the possible. " My specialities are procrastination, parenting, eating and body issues, and academic "stuckness "I have a background in academia and am experienced in the world of the arts as well as the intellect. Relational and psychodynamic training. Long-term work. GLBTQ friendly. Chronic pain expertise.
(508) 406-9576 View (508) 406-9576
Photo of Sarah Weintraub, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sarah Weintraub
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
I am a licensed psychologist with over 10 years of clinical experience in higher education, community mental health, and hospital outpatient services. My approach is relational, active, and compassionate. I work with clients to increase active coping, reduce distress, and take steps that add to the quality of your life. Areas of special interest include anxiety and depression; trauma and post traumatic stress; grief and loss; relationship concerns; identity development and issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality; and veterans' experiences. In addition to my private practice, I supervise psychology doctoral students and provide outpatient psychotherapy at a local hospital.
I am a licensed psychologist with over 10 years of clinical experience in higher education, community mental health, and hospital outpatient services. My approach is relational, active, and compassionate. I work with clients to increase active coping, reduce distress, and take steps that add to the quality of your life. Areas of special interest include anxiety and depression; trauma and post traumatic stress; grief and loss; relationship concerns; identity development and issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality; and veterans' experiences. In addition to my private practice, I supervise psychology doctoral students and provide outpatient psychotherapy at a local hospital.
(781) 579-6892 View (781) 579-6892

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.