Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in Louisville, KY

Photo of Aqueelah S. Haleem, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Aqueelah S. Haleem, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223
Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Let's work together to increase your self-confidence, control, and happiness! I enjoy working with adults in crisis. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and trauma are just a few of the areas of focus in my practice. It is my belief that no individual should face mental health challenges alone. Trained therapists can help clients overcome the challenges that seem insurmountable and may decrease their ability to enjoy life, set and achieve goals, and look forward to a brighter future.
Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Let's work together to increase your self-confidence, control, and happiness! I enjoy working with adults in crisis. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and trauma are just a few of the areas of focus in my practice. It is my belief that no individual should face mental health challenges alone. Trained therapists can help clients overcome the challenges that seem insurmountable and may decrease their ability to enjoy life, set and achieve goals, and look forward to a brighter future.
(812) 625-4390 View (812) 625-4390
Photo of Maren Schikler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Maren Schikler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40220
Now Accepting New Clients I believe that you know your life best and that I am here as a companion as we move towards growth. I work collaboratively with my clients, holding compassion and my client's needs at the center of our work. I enjoy working with late adolescents and adults. I specialize in issues such as anxiety, stress, burnout, relationship struggles, exploring sexual orientation/expression, religious trauma, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community. My job as a therapist is to support, engage with empathy and wonder, offer hope, and acknowledge the stories and experiences clients express as they reflect.
Now Accepting New Clients I believe that you know your life best and that I am here as a companion as we move towards growth. I work collaboratively with my clients, holding compassion and my client's needs at the center of our work. I enjoy working with late adolescents and adults. I specialize in issues such as anxiety, stress, burnout, relationship struggles, exploring sexual orientation/expression, religious trauma, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community. My job as a therapist is to support, engage with empathy and wonder, offer hope, and acknowledge the stories and experiences clients express as they reflect.
(502) 335-4067 View (502) 335-4067
Photo of Jesslyn Bacon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Jesslyn Bacon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
You pour into others daily, but feel empty when the day is done. You wonder if the thankless tasks of daily life will ever be enjoyable again. Do you feel like you're ready for someone to pour into you? I specialize in anxiety, stress management, burnout/compassion fatigue that members of the helping profession (teachers, medical providers, mental health providers, etc) experience, and life transitions for high school and college students. Let's prioritize YOU together. Allow me to help you navigate through these moments in your life.
You pour into others daily, but feel empty when the day is done. You wonder if the thankless tasks of daily life will ever be enjoyable again. Do you feel like you're ready for someone to pour into you? I specialize in anxiety, stress management, burnout/compassion fatigue that members of the helping profession (teachers, medical providers, mental health providers, etc) experience, and life transitions for high school and college students. Let's prioritize YOU together. Allow me to help you navigate through these moments in your life.
(502) 549-1164 View (502) 549-1164
Photo of Tiffany D'Alessandri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Tiffany D'Alessandri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40202  (Online Only)
Drawing from a strengths-based approach, I incorporate proven interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness techniques.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and in need of a helping hand? Struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or parenting difficulties? Life's obstacles can be draining to navigate. I understand the difficulty and fear that comes with taking that initial step towards healing. In our sessions, I'll meet you where you are, providing compassionate support and evidence-based techniques. Together, we'll identify what's not working and chart a path towards a healthier, happier life.
Drawing from a strengths-based approach, I incorporate proven interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness techniques.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and in need of a helping hand? Struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or parenting difficulties? Life's obstacles can be draining to navigate. I understand the difficulty and fear that comes with taking that initial step towards healing. In our sessions, I'll meet you where you are, providing compassionate support and evidence-based techniques. Together, we'll identify what's not working and chart a path towards a healthier, happier life.
(859) 651-1227 View (859) 651-1227
Photo of Cristy Keeling, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Cristy Keeling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
Cristy Keeling, LPCC is a licensed therapist in Kentucky specializing in anxiety and depression counseling as well as helping those with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma.
Cristy Keeling, LPCC is a licensed therapist in Kentucky specializing in anxiety and depression counseling as well as helping those with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma.
(859) 904-2417 View (859) 904-2417
Photo of Peaceful Solutions Counseling Inc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Peaceful Solutions Counseling Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40214
We are a group of professional therapists that have a deep passion for helping others discover who they truly are, overcome emotional difficulties, recover from substance abuse, learn to live fully and enjoy their lives. Our love of family and community drives us to help others reconnect. Our belief is that a family is a system and when one person is in crisis, the whole family is in crisis. Our goal is to help each member of the family understand the problems and become part of the solution that brings their family back together.
We are a group of professional therapists that have a deep passion for helping others discover who they truly are, overcome emotional difficulties, recover from substance abuse, learn to live fully and enjoy their lives. Our love of family and community drives us to help others reconnect. Our belief is that a family is a system and when one person is in crisis, the whole family is in crisis. Our goal is to help each member of the family understand the problems and become part of the solution that brings their family back together.
(502) 333-0218 View (502) 333-0218
Photo of Caroline Church, Licensed Professional Counselor in Louisville, KY
Caroline Church
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Hello and welcome! I'm an EMDR trained, dedicated counselor who is focused on creating a warm and supportive space where you can navigate your past and find healing in the present. My focus extends to aiding individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, relational issues, trauma, infertility, and I hold a special passion for helping those who've experienced birth trauma. Guiding you towards a brighter future is a true joy for me, and I'm here to celebrate every step of your journey.
Hello and welcome! I'm an EMDR trained, dedicated counselor who is focused on creating a warm and supportive space where you can navigate your past and find healing in the present. My focus extends to aiding individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, relational issues, trauma, infertility, and I hold a special passion for helping those who've experienced birth trauma. Guiding you towards a brighter future is a true joy for me, and I'm here to celebrate every step of your journey.
(502) 427-6194 View (502) 427-6194
Photo of Parker Bowling, Pre-Licensed Professional in Louisville, KY
Parker Bowling
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40204  (Online Only)
The call towards deepening our self-awareness and becoming more embodied in our life takes many forms. Whether it's the end of a relationship, developmental trauma, existential questioning, climate anxiety, or any other unique combination of stressors, I believe that radical healing is possible. My aspiration is to support you in moving towards a deeper sense of intimacy and connection with both your inner world and the world around you. Rather than solely focusing on your diagnosis, we will collaborate to create a sense of an inner compass that you can utilize to build a life that feels alive and aligned with your values.
The call towards deepening our self-awareness and becoming more embodied in our life takes many forms. Whether it's the end of a relationship, developmental trauma, existential questioning, climate anxiety, or any other unique combination of stressors, I believe that radical healing is possible. My aspiration is to support you in moving towards a deeper sense of intimacy and connection with both your inner world and the world around you. Rather than solely focusing on your diagnosis, we will collaborate to create a sense of an inner compass that you can utilize to build a life that feels alive and aligned with your values.
(502) 465-7984 View (502) 465-7984
Photo of Kelsey Ross, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Kelsey Ross
Counselor, MACMHC, MAAC, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40201  (Online Only)
Kelsey Ross uses evidence-based practices of psychotherapy including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), reality therapy and sex therapy.
Kelsey, MACMHC, MAAC, BSP, LPCA provides services to women and young adults. Her primary focus is in women's health and she provides therapy to women of all ages of multiple stressors including anxiety, depression, pregnancy & postpartum stress, chronic pain, parenting struggles and more. Kelsey has experience working with neurodiverse individuals with ADHD and autism. She provides trauma therapy and mindfulness practice to her clients. In addition, Kelsey collaborates with pelvic floor physical therapists and OBGYN's in the area to assist her clients with pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic pain, prolapse, Sex Therapy, etc.
Kelsey Ross uses evidence-based practices of psychotherapy including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), reality therapy and sex therapy.
Kelsey, MACMHC, MAAC, BSP, LPCA provides services to women and young adults. Her primary focus is in women's health and she provides therapy to women of all ages of multiple stressors including anxiety, depression, pregnancy & postpartum stress, chronic pain, parenting struggles and more. Kelsey has experience working with neurodiverse individuals with ADHD and autism. She provides trauma therapy and mindfulness practice to her clients. In addition, Kelsey collaborates with pelvic floor physical therapists and OBGYN's in the area to assist her clients with pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic pain, prolapse, Sex Therapy, etc.
(859) 251-2985 View (859) 251-2985
Photo of Krystal Angevine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Krystal Angevine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC, BCB, BCN, SEP
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40201
Krystal Angevine has over 25 years experience in holistic counseling and is a past recipient of the Indiana Social Work Leader of the Year award. Krystal specializes in IFS therapy, EMDR, Biofeedback, and she is an Advanced-level provider of Somatic Experiencing Trauma Therapy. Areas of expertise include panic attacks, PTSD, anxiety, relationship issues, depression, migraine headaches, phobias, ADHD, trauma, stress, addictions, nightmares, and sleep disturbance. Krystal is BCIA Board certified in biofeedback and has been a speaker at State and international conferences. Krystal excels in helping clients enhance their healer within.
Krystal Angevine has over 25 years experience in holistic counseling and is a past recipient of the Indiana Social Work Leader of the Year award. Krystal specializes in IFS therapy, EMDR, Biofeedback, and she is an Advanced-level provider of Somatic Experiencing Trauma Therapy. Areas of expertise include panic attacks, PTSD, anxiety, relationship issues, depression, migraine headaches, phobias, ADHD, trauma, stress, addictions, nightmares, and sleep disturbance. Krystal is BCIA Board certified in biofeedback and has been a speaker at State and international conferences. Krystal excels in helping clients enhance their healer within.
(502) 383-1155 View (502) 383-1155
Photo of Fran Deeley, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Fran Deeley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy as other modalities to help individuals become more in touch with their thoughts and emotions.
If you are an individual struggling with an eating disorder, generalized anxiety, a mood disorder, or self-harm behaviors you are not alone. When one is struggling it is often hard to know where to start. I am here to meet you where you are and help you navigate life challenges brought on by mental health problems. Mental health can disrupt your relationships, your passions, and your ability to live the life you desire. We will work together on setting goals, developing coping skills to better mange emotions and stress and understanding underlying causes to mental health problems.
I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy as other modalities to help individuals become more in touch with their thoughts and emotions.
If you are an individual struggling with an eating disorder, generalized anxiety, a mood disorder, or self-harm behaviors you are not alone. When one is struggling it is often hard to know where to start. I am here to meet you where you are and help you navigate life challenges brought on by mental health problems. Mental health can disrupt your relationships, your passions, and your ability to live the life you desire. We will work together on setting goals, developing coping skills to better mange emotions and stress and understanding underlying causes to mental health problems.
(502) 236-5257 View (502) 236-5257
Photo of Courtney Weaver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Courtney Weaver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40213  (Online Only)
I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. I am easy-going, empathic, supportive, non-judgmental, good listener, and determined. My ability to allow clients to feel heard, understood, and supported.
I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. I am easy-going, empathic, supportive, non-judgmental, good listener, and determined. My ability to allow clients to feel heard, understood, and supported.
(502) 281-0278 View (502) 281-0278
Photo of Matthew T. Harris, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Matthew T. Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSSW, MSCFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Are you tired of arguing with your partner? Did you find out your partner has cheated? Are you thinking of ending your relationship? I can help you reconnect with your partner by rebuilding trust and closeness using the most effective method of couple therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy. Is anxiety, depression, or trauma getting in the way of your relationships, work, or life? I can help you get to the root of the problem and give you tools to feel better. Are you struggling with the unique difficulties of being LGBTQ? I can help you develop the confidence and skills to live as your authentic self.
Are you tired of arguing with your partner? Did you find out your partner has cheated? Are you thinking of ending your relationship? I can help you reconnect with your partner by rebuilding trust and closeness using the most effective method of couple therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy. Is anxiety, depression, or trauma getting in the way of your relationships, work, or life? I can help you get to the root of the problem and give you tools to feel better. Are you struggling with the unique difficulties of being LGBTQ? I can help you develop the confidence and skills to live as your authentic self.
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Photo of Liz Harris, M.A.M.F.T , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Liz Harris, M.A.M.F.T
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223
Often, seeking guidance from an unbiased and outside source can be a vital key to personal progression. As a therapist, I want to maintain an open and honest dialogue with my clients that assists them in creating positive change in their marriages, families and individual lives. Having someone hold you accountable, as you take the necessary steps to correct unhealthy patterns, can be crucial to success. Too often, individuals choose to remain victims of their circumstances, rather than proactively changing their mindset, and becoming victors. I seek to empower clients through uncovering what may be hindering their growth.
Often, seeking guidance from an unbiased and outside source can be a vital key to personal progression. As a therapist, I want to maintain an open and honest dialogue with my clients that assists them in creating positive change in their marriages, families and individual lives. Having someone hold you accountable, as you take the necessary steps to correct unhealthy patterns, can be crucial to success. Too often, individuals choose to remain victims of their circumstances, rather than proactively changing their mindset, and becoming victors. I seek to empower clients through uncovering what may be hindering their growth.
(502) 237-9255 View (502) 237-9255
Photo of Dayana Alequin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Dayana Alequin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I utilize evidence-based therapy approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, EMDR, trauma focused, relationship focused.
Update: Practice is full. Not accepting new clients . Waitlist available. When other clients transition out of therapy or to fewer sessions you will be contacted. I know finding a great therapist is challenging. I am here to help you find a way to improve and heal. Taking the first step towards getting better might be intimidating, but you will be grateful about seeking support once you realize how smooth and easy the therapy experience is, and how much reward there is for you.
I utilize evidence-based therapy approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, EMDR, trauma focused, relationship focused.
Update: Practice is full. Not accepting new clients . Waitlist available. When other clients transition out of therapy or to fewer sessions you will be contacted. I know finding a great therapist is challenging. I am here to help you find a way to improve and heal. Taking the first step towards getting better might be intimidating, but you will be grateful about seeking support once you realize how smooth and easy the therapy experience is, and how much reward there is for you.
(513) 866-7359 View (513) 866-7359
Photo of Abbie McGohon, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Abbie McGohon
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40245  (Online Only)
My goal as a mental health provider is to create an inclusive, non-judgmental space for all clients I work with. I believe in meeting the client where they are at and collectively developing a plan that allows the client to achieve their personal goals. I focus on issues related to self-esteem, relationships, sexuality, sexual health, anxiety, and many other challenges that life brings our way.
My goal as a mental health provider is to create an inclusive, non-judgmental space for all clients I work with. I believe in meeting the client where they are at and collectively developing a plan that allows the client to achieve their personal goals. I focus on issues related to self-esteem, relationships, sexuality, sexual health, anxiety, and many other challenges that life brings our way.
(502) 806-2046 View (502) 806-2046
Photo of Les Chapman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Les Chapman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADAC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40202  (Online Only)
Now accepting Medicaid! Hey! You! You matter! My name is Les and I want to help you with whatever situation you're facing. We all need help once in a while and sometimes, often times, admitting we're in need is the hardest part. If you've made it this far into my profile then you're past the biggest hurdle. Every journey, both the easiest and the hardest, begin with a single step, and you’ve accomplished that step. Let me help you with the rest. I hope to work with you, and do my absolute best!
Now accepting Medicaid! Hey! You! You matter! My name is Les and I want to help you with whatever situation you're facing. We all need help once in a while and sometimes, often times, admitting we're in need is the hardest part. If you've made it this far into my profile then you're past the biggest hurdle. Every journey, both the easiest and the hardest, begin with a single step, and you’ve accomplished that step. Let me help you with the rest. I hope to work with you, and do my absolute best!
(812) 393-3191 View (812) 393-3191
Photo of Angie Guion, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Angie Guion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
I have 30+ years of experience providing counseling in many different settings. LGBTQ+ friendly. I am interactive, recovery-focused, and use a cognitive behavioral therapy approach. I have clinical hypnosis training and can use hypnosis to address almost any area of life. I work with people diagnosed with mild to severe mental health concerns who may also have relationship, health, sexuality/gender, and addiction issues. I believe that people are resilient and sometimes need some assistance to get through challenges in their lives.
I have 30+ years of experience providing counseling in many different settings. LGBTQ+ friendly. I am interactive, recovery-focused, and use a cognitive behavioral therapy approach. I have clinical hypnosis training and can use hypnosis to address almost any area of life. I work with people diagnosed with mild to severe mental health concerns who may also have relationship, health, sexuality/gender, and addiction issues. I believe that people are resilient and sometimes need some assistance to get through challenges in their lives.
(513) 440-5038 View (513) 440-5038
Photo of Jeanne M. Bennett, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Jeanne M. Bennett
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Not accepting new clients
My specialty of neuropsychology involves evaluating individuals to understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of a wide range of neurological disorders including dementia, tumors, strokes, movement disorders, seizure disorders, degenerative diseases (i.
I have over twenty years of experience treating adults with mood disorders, adjustment issues, relationship difficulties, chronic health problems and personal growth challenges through the process of psychotherapy. I primarily use cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal forms of psychotherapy to help individuals develop improved, healthier behaviors and thought patterns that lead to greater comfort and enjoyment in daily life. My particular area of expertise is neuropsychology, having completed a two-year post-doctoral fellowship in this field at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. My experience includes rehab settings, VA hospital, social security disability and physician referrals.
My specialty of neuropsychology involves evaluating individuals to understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of a wide range of neurological disorders including dementia, tumors, strokes, movement disorders, seizure disorders, degenerative diseases (i.
I have over twenty years of experience treating adults with mood disorders, adjustment issues, relationship difficulties, chronic health problems and personal growth challenges through the process of psychotherapy. I primarily use cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal forms of psychotherapy to help individuals develop improved, healthier behaviors and thought patterns that lead to greater comfort and enjoyment in daily life. My particular area of expertise is neuropsychology, having completed a two-year post-doctoral fellowship in this field at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. My experience includes rehab settings, VA hospital, social security disability and physician referrals.
(502) 804-2902 View (502) 804-2902
Photo of Kyle Coma-Thompson, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Kyle Coma-Thompson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
I take an integrative approach to therapy, providing a range of techniques to meet you where you are and draw on your strengths. I have experience assisting children, teens, and adults in group and individual clinical settings. I am trained in EMDR and incorporate elements of Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) along with mindfulness-based forms of treatment such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). My work with teens and children frequently applies techniques from Expressive Therapy and Play Therapy.
I take an integrative approach to therapy, providing a range of techniques to meet you where you are and draw on your strengths. I have experience assisting children, teens, and adults in group and individual clinical settings. I am trained in EMDR and incorporate elements of Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) along with mindfulness-based forms of treatment such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). My work with teens and children frequently applies techniques from Expressive Therapy and Play Therapy.
(502) 305-5449 View (502) 305-5449
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.