Photo of Jaclene Newell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Jaclene Newell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53215
Hello there! :) I am Jaclene Newell (Jac-lean), as the pronunciation name. I am licensed as a licensed professional counselor with a specialization in forensics here in Wisconsin. My great compassion is to bring healing to those who are experiencing life's difficulties and guide my clients through the obstacles life often presents to us. I help many clients including adolescents, couples, adults, and families, to find healthy perceptions of themselves, strengthen their relationships, to become their most radiant selves as they work through their trauma, depression, anxiety, and stressors.
Hello there! :) I am Jaclene Newell (Jac-lean), as the pronunciation name. I am licensed as a licensed professional counselor with a specialization in forensics here in Wisconsin. My great compassion is to bring healing to those who are experiencing life's difficulties and guide my clients through the obstacles life often presents to us. I help many clients including adolescents, couples, adults, and families, to find healthy perceptions of themselves, strengthen their relationships, to become their most radiant selves as they work through their trauma, depression, anxiety, and stressors.
(414) 409-9533 View (414) 409-9533
Photo of Christine A Finerty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Christine A Finerty
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53222
You deserve to live a full, happy and healthy life! Sadness doesn't have to mean depression and worry doesn't have to mean anxiety.
Have you noticed a change in yourself or a loved one lately? It can happen to all of us. Worry, stress, negative thoughts and fear have a way of weighing us down and holding us back. But, you deserve more. In this ever-changing world it's important, now more than ever before, to understand what to pay attention to and what to let go of. However, with so much uncertainty surrounding us this can be a challenge. Let's talk. Together, through a proactive and strength-based approach, we will explore how you can regain the power and control needed to address and remove the mental barriers that are holding you back.
You deserve to live a full, happy and healthy life! Sadness doesn't have to mean depression and worry doesn't have to mean anxiety.
Have you noticed a change in yourself or a loved one lately? It can happen to all of us. Worry, stress, negative thoughts and fear have a way of weighing us down and holding us back. But, you deserve more. In this ever-changing world it's important, now more than ever before, to understand what to pay attention to and what to let go of. However, with so much uncertainty surrounding us this can be a challenge. Let's talk. Together, through a proactive and strength-based approach, we will explore how you can regain the power and control needed to address and remove the mental barriers that are holding you back.
(414) 376-4596 View (414) 376-4596
Photo of Russell S Strelnick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Russell S Strelnick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53226
My fundamental approach is to encourage you to practice returning to your composure and self acceptance instead of practicing depression, anxiety and stressing out.
LEARN HOW TO MELT STRESS. I will teach you how to return to your composure so you can think clearly again and direct your actions towards doing what you 'can do' and stop worrying about the rest. www.firststepacceptance.com is my website. Insurance companies that I accept are listed. I also offer a sliding scale. Videos explaining how I approach healing work are also available.
My fundamental approach is to encourage you to practice returning to your composure and self acceptance instead of practicing depression, anxiety and stressing out.
LEARN HOW TO MELT STRESS. I will teach you how to return to your composure so you can think clearly again and direct your actions towards doing what you 'can do' and stop worrying about the rest. www.firststepacceptance.com is my website. Insurance companies that I accept are listed. I also offer a sliding scale. Videos explaining how I approach healing work are also available.
(414) 375-2790 View (414) 375-2790
Dr. Lauri C. Gebhard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53213
Are you stressed? Depressed? Anxious? Angry? Do you suffer from fatigue? Insomnia? Perfectionism? Low self esteem? Infertility? Weight Problems? Trauma? ADD? or Memory Problems? I can help. I am a clinical health psychologist with a specialty in behavioral medicine and am dedicated to empowering patients to positively heal their mind, body and spirit. With the specialty training I received in mind body medicine across the country, including through Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Hospital and University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, I founded the Mind Body Program over 25 years ago. We employ innovative practices
Are you stressed? Depressed? Anxious? Angry? Do you suffer from fatigue? Insomnia? Perfectionism? Low self esteem? Infertility? Weight Problems? Trauma? ADD? or Memory Problems? I can help. I am a clinical health psychologist with a specialty in behavioral medicine and am dedicated to empowering patients to positively heal their mind, body and spirit. With the specialty training I received in mind body medicine across the country, including through Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Hospital and University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, I founded the Mind Body Program over 25 years ago. We employ innovative practices
(262) 214-5777 View (262) 214-5777
Photo of Natalia Ottesen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Natalia Ottesen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53202
If you suspect that your present life is being affected by your past adverse experiences, you are not alone. If you feel that it is time for you to have a trained professional to help you with your healing journey, I will be honored to offer you my knowledge and experience. I help people feel more integrated and whole after surviving trauma, so that they can live to their fullest potential.
If you suspect that your present life is being affected by your past adverse experiences, you are not alone. If you feel that it is time for you to have a trained professional to help you with your healing journey, I will be honored to offer you my knowledge and experience. I help people feel more integrated and whole after surviving trauma, so that they can live to their fullest potential.
(262) 205-6989 View (262) 205-6989
Photo of Patricia A Aniakudo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Patricia A Aniakudo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53213  (Online Only)
My name is Patricia Aniakudo. I have over 30 years of experience in the field and am happy to walk with you on your path as you develop and meet your goals. A little bit about me; I have Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Master’s in Social Work. Over the years I have trained and specialized in multiple areas such as: gender specific treatment for women and men, filial (parent/child) therapy, trauma informed/trauma specific treatments including responding to and managing chronic community violence, Criminality, Violence in Families, Gambling, Addiction, Parenting & Co-Parenting. individuals/ families involved in multiple systems.
My name is Patricia Aniakudo. I have over 30 years of experience in the field and am happy to walk with you on your path as you develop and meet your goals. A little bit about me; I have Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Master’s in Social Work. Over the years I have trained and specialized in multiple areas such as: gender specific treatment for women and men, filial (parent/child) therapy, trauma informed/trauma specific treatments including responding to and managing chronic community violence, Criminality, Violence in Families, Gambling, Addiction, Parenting & Co-Parenting. individuals/ families involved in multiple systems.
(414) 626-0624 View (414) 626-0624
Photo of Tetyana Kostyshyna, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Tetyana Kostyshyna
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LCPC, LSOE, LSOTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53201
Specialized Forensic Unit PC is a private nongovernmental organization, providing psychological services in IL, FL, and WI. We provide treatment and evaluation services to all age groups.
Specialized Forensic Unit PC is a private nongovernmental organization, providing psychological services in IL, FL, and WI. We provide treatment and evaluation services to all age groups.
(312) 766-7214 View (312) 766-7214
Photo of Rachael Goldmann, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Rachael Goldmann
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53217
Waitlist for new clients
If you ever go home feeling like you just can’t shake what you saw on a call, at work, throughout a career, or in life, I can help. You want to find a sense of peace. To feel whole again. Maybe you feel a bit lost and unrecognizable to yourself. You want to feel understood. You want to feel like you matter. You tell yourself “no one else could possibly get it.” If you find yourself more irritable and angrier with the people you love and care about, I can help. If you ever feel like there are pieces of yourself you’ve lost, I want to partner with you to find them.
If you ever go home feeling like you just can’t shake what you saw on a call, at work, throughout a career, or in life, I can help. You want to find a sense of peace. To feel whole again. Maybe you feel a bit lost and unrecognizable to yourself. You want to feel understood. You want to feel like you matter. You tell yourself “no one else could possibly get it.” If you find yourself more irritable and angrier with the people you love and care about, I can help. If you ever feel like there are pieces of yourself you’ve lost, I want to partner with you to find them.
(262) 228-2287 View (262) 228-2287

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mind body spirit program, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Mind body spirit program
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Elm Grove, WI 53122
Are you stressed? Depressed? Anxious? Angry? Do you suffer from fatigue? Insomnia? High blood pressure? chronic pain? PMS? Infertility? Cancer? Memory Problems? I can help. I am a clinical health psychologist with a specialty in behavioral medicine and am dedicated to empowering patients to positively heal their mind, body and spirit. I have received specialty training in mind body medicine across the country, including through Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Hospital and University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center. I imploy innovative practices: EMDR, hypnosis, and meditation, to improve the lives of her patients.
Are you stressed? Depressed? Anxious? Angry? Do you suffer from fatigue? Insomnia? High blood pressure? chronic pain? PMS? Infertility? Cancer? Memory Problems? I can help. I am a clinical health psychologist with a specialty in behavioral medicine and am dedicated to empowering patients to positively heal their mind, body and spirit. I have received specialty training in mind body medicine across the country, including through Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Hospital and University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center. I imploy innovative practices: EMDR, hypnosis, and meditation, to improve the lives of her patients.
(414) 939-7931 View (414) 939-7931
Photo of Laura L Pauly, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Laura L Pauly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Elm Grove, WI 53122
We are living in challenging times where we can benefit from support. With a caring interactive approach I help clients unhook from past emotional habit patterns to create more fulfilling relationships and a happier life. --Through a greater sense of self-awareness, release of past pain, and application of technique, clients can: *Overcome depression, anxiety and low self esteem to express greater confidence and creativity *Reduce anger and conflict to improve communication and build stronger relationships. *Heal past issues, fears, hurts, and mistrust to achieve true intimacy and commitment.
We are living in challenging times where we can benefit from support. With a caring interactive approach I help clients unhook from past emotional habit patterns to create more fulfilling relationships and a happier life. --Through a greater sense of self-awareness, release of past pain, and application of technique, clients can: *Overcome depression, anxiety and low self esteem to express greater confidence and creativity *Reduce anger and conflict to improve communication and build stronger relationships. *Heal past issues, fears, hurts, and mistrust to achieve true intimacy and commitment.
(262) 789-7100 View (262) 789-7100
Photo of Ciara Christensen, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Ciara Christensen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Whitefish Bay, WI 53217
I am dedicated to supporting young adults and adults grappling with various challenges, including pain management, headaches, sleep disturbances, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma.
Life can get or feel messy sometimes, especially when we encounter experiences that leave us feeling bewildered, overwhelmed, or as if we're merely surviving rather than thriving. It's during these moments that the guidance of a skilled psychological professional can become invaluable. My practice offers a place where individuals are invited sit and engage in one-on-one conversations, providing time to be fully heard, explore their experiences in depth, and gain some insights.
I am dedicated to supporting young adults and adults grappling with various challenges, including pain management, headaches, sleep disturbances, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma.
Life can get or feel messy sometimes, especially when we encounter experiences that leave us feeling bewildered, overwhelmed, or as if we're merely surviving rather than thriving. It's during these moments that the guidance of a skilled psychological professional can become invaluable. My practice offers a place where individuals are invited sit and engage in one-on-one conversations, providing time to be fully heard, explore their experiences in depth, and gain some insights.
(414) 877-7004 View (414) 877-7004
Photo of Mike Zussman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Mike Zussman
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Whitefish Bay, WI 53217
People seek out therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Sometimes, the issues they are struggling with start out minor and they want help before the issues become too difficult. On other occasions, the problems have become unmanageable and dealing with them alone becomes too daunting. Some of those personal issues include anxiety, depression, stress at home, school and/or work, emotional dysregulation, among others. Therapy can help get a handle on any of those issues to help people carry on with every day living in a more productive fashion.
People seek out therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Sometimes, the issues they are struggling with start out minor and they want help before the issues become too difficult. On other occasions, the problems have become unmanageable and dealing with them alone becomes too daunting. Some of those personal issues include anxiety, depression, stress at home, school and/or work, emotional dysregulation, among others. Therapy can help get a handle on any of those issues to help people carry on with every day living in a more productive fashion.
(414) 310-1958 View (414) 310-1958
Photo of Jacquelyn Tumminello, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Jacquelyn Tumminello
Counselor, MS, LPC-IT, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shorewood, WI 53211
Sometimes anxiety, difficult emotions, and painful experiences keep showing up, even when you try your best to manage them. Maybe you’ve become exhausted from constantly pushing them away or toughing it out. You no longer want to feel dominated by fear, worry, or sadness and you are ready to return to (or discover!) a life that closely aligns with your personal values. Having someone who truly listens to you without judgement can be a strong foundation for this work. I believe counseling best honors each client’s unique strengths, challenges, and goals through a collaborative process.
Sometimes anxiety, difficult emotions, and painful experiences keep showing up, even when you try your best to manage them. Maybe you’ve become exhausted from constantly pushing them away or toughing it out. You no longer want to feel dominated by fear, worry, or sadness and you are ready to return to (or discover!) a life that closely aligns with your personal values. Having someone who truly listens to you without judgement can be a strong foundation for this work. I believe counseling best honors each client’s unique strengths, challenges, and goals through a collaborative process.
(262) 439-0833 View (262) 439-0833

Online Therapists

Photo of Marlene Regan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Marlene Regan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, SAC, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with adults and couples from all backgrounds. I have experience working in hospital, outpatient and higher education settings. I specialize in anxiety, depression, partner and relationship concerns, pre-and post-divorce processing, substance and behavioral addictions, recovery from trauma and abuse, pain management, grief/loss, sleep disorders, major life transitions and disordered eating behaviors (adults).
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with adults and couples from all backgrounds. I have experience working in hospital, outpatient and higher education settings. I specialize in anxiety, depression, partner and relationship concerns, pre-and post-divorce processing, substance and behavioral addictions, recovery from trauma and abuse, pain management, grief/loss, sleep disorders, major life transitions and disordered eating behaviors (adults).
(920) 447-4265 View (920) 447-4265
Photo of Abdulla Mogherbi, MSE, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Abdulla Mogherbi, MSE, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSE, LPC
Verified Verified
Appleton, WI 54911
I work with children, adolescents and adults. Ages 6+ with issues include Anxiety, Panics, Depression, ADD/ADHD, ODD, Anger, Explosive Anger, OCD, Tics, Tourettes, Autism, sleep difficulties, pain, Fibromyalgia, migraines, GI issues, IBS, Brain Gut, CVS, Hypertension. I work with clients according their individual and unique needs using the therapeutic approaches that fits those needs. I highly respect their values and beliefs. I teach and train them to learn good coping skills to manage and have control over their difficulties.
I work with children, adolescents and adults. Ages 6+ with issues include Anxiety, Panics, Depression, ADD/ADHD, ODD, Anger, Explosive Anger, OCD, Tics, Tourettes, Autism, sleep difficulties, pain, Fibromyalgia, migraines, GI issues, IBS, Brain Gut, CVS, Hypertension. I work with clients according their individual and unique needs using the therapeutic approaches that fits those needs. I highly respect their values and beliefs. I teach and train them to learn good coping skills to manage and have control over their difficulties.
(920) 944-6097 View (920) 944-6097
Photo of Michael R Wendt, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Michael R Wendt
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Appleton, WI 54913
By using neurofeedback, a person is able to lay down new neuro-pathways to better deal with stress, focus, depression and other emotional issues.
My practice uses a combination of therapies suited for each individual client. Somatic Experiencing & Neurofeedback is a primary tools I use in conjunction with Cognitive Behavioral therapy and Mindfulness to treat anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, sleep issues and other disorders.
By using neurofeedback, a person is able to lay down new neuro-pathways to better deal with stress, focus, depression and other emotional issues.
My practice uses a combination of therapies suited for each individual client. Somatic Experiencing & Neurofeedback is a primary tools I use in conjunction with Cognitive Behavioral therapy and Mindfulness to treat anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, sleep issues and other disorders.
(920) 291-2482 View (920) 291-2482
Photo of Casey McCarragher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Casey McCarragher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mequon, WI 53097
Casey has been working with adults and adolescents over the past 7 years specifically working with individuals (Veterans) with PTSD, depression and substance abuse.
In this day and age, especially post pandemic, everyone could use additional support. Simply to feel heard and appreciated can be hard to find. Sometimes however, our issues can extend past those needs and this is why it can be helpful to have an impartial 3rd party who can help you explore all options and possible solutions. Setting realistic goals and working on small changes can potentially lead to big outcomes.
Casey has been working with adults and adolescents over the past 7 years specifically working with individuals (Veterans) with PTSD, depression and substance abuse.
In this day and age, especially post pandemic, everyone could use additional support. Simply to feel heard and appreciated can be hard to find. Sometimes however, our issues can extend past those needs and this is why it can be helpful to have an impartial 3rd party who can help you explore all options and possible solutions. Setting realistic goals and working on small changes can potentially lead to big outcomes.
(262) 500-3509 View (262) 500-3509
Photo of Bonnie Dilley (Lubet), Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Bonnie Dilley (Lubet)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SAC, RN, EMDR
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
professional careercoaching, substance abuse/addictions, divorce support, co-parenting, depression & anxiety, bipolar disorder, & ADHD.
There are many reasons for seeking guidance and today, you have taken the first courageous step by looking for help. I invite you to take the next step and call 608-577-4222 for a NO COST “get acquainted” phone consult. Maybe your current coping strategies are not working, or you haven't healed from emotionally painful life experiences/trauma that are negatively impacting you today. Perhaps you want to improve your relationship and learn effective communication skills. Together we can work to find effective solutions and coping strategies that work for you. I am honored to partner with you on your journey to your best self.
professional careercoaching, substance abuse/addictions, divorce support, co-parenting, depression & anxiety, bipolar disorder, & ADHD.
There are many reasons for seeking guidance and today, you have taken the first courageous step by looking for help. I invite you to take the next step and call 608-577-4222 for a NO COST “get acquainted” phone consult. Maybe your current coping strategies are not working, or you haven't healed from emotionally painful life experiences/trauma that are negatively impacting you today. Perhaps you want to improve your relationship and learn effective communication skills. Together we can work to find effective solutions and coping strategies that work for you. I am honored to partner with you on your journey to your best self.
(608) 844-2117 View (608) 844-2117
Photo of Karolyn T Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Karolyn T Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPSC
Verified Verified
Menomonee Falls, WI 53051  (Online Only)
Hi my name is Karolyn! It is hard being a teen and young adult. And, yes it is hard being a parent, too. I believe that working collaboratively with young people and their families is rewarding and necessary for positive lasting change. I have witnessed how therapy can be a powerful way to learn more about yourself, resolve conflict, and develop and practice skills. With the client, I will explore needs, motivation for change, and set goals that are achievable and desirable. I will do this in an authentic, safe, affirming way that is moving toward wellness. Let's start!
Hi my name is Karolyn! It is hard being a teen and young adult. And, yes it is hard being a parent, too. I believe that working collaboratively with young people and their families is rewarding and necessary for positive lasting change. I have witnessed how therapy can be a powerful way to learn more about yourself, resolve conflict, and develop and practice skills. With the client, I will explore needs, motivation for change, and set goals that are achievable and desirable. I will do this in an authentic, safe, affirming way that is moving toward wellness. Let's start!
(262) 500-3114 View (262) 500-3114
Photo of Authentic Roots Therapy PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Authentic Roots Therapy PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LP, LPCC, LADC, Supervi
Verified Verified
Little Chute, WI 54140
Authentic Roots Therapy is a mental health collaborative where licensed professionals provide individual, couple, & family mental health therapy in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We specialize in working with children, couples, families, LGBTQIA+ individuals, individuals who are questioning, curious, transitioning, or identifying as transgender/non-binary, mothers in postpartum, faith communities, individuals experiencing traumatic symptomatology, and highly sensitive men!
Authentic Roots Therapy is a mental health collaborative where licensed professionals provide individual, couple, & family mental health therapy in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We specialize in working with children, couples, families, LGBTQIA+ individuals, individuals who are questioning, curious, transitioning, or identifying as transgender/non-binary, mothers in postpartum, faith communities, individuals experiencing traumatic symptomatology, and highly sensitive men!
(763) 703-1621 View (763) 703-1621
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.