Photo of Debbie Hartzo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Debbie Hartzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70122  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Debbie Hartzo I have an LMSW license with twenty years providing social work-counseling and use DBT therapy to clients in need. I volunteered for ten years serving individuals that were underserved and oppressed. I earned my Bachelors in Social Work from Grambling State University and my Masters in Social Work from Grambling State University I’ve worked in many different clinical settings ever since. I am a passionate and an empathetic therapist with strong counseling abilities and an understanding of interpersonal familial relationships. I have experience leading clients through depression and anxiety.
Hello, I am Debbie Hartzo I have an LMSW license with twenty years providing social work-counseling and use DBT therapy to clients in need. I volunteered for ten years serving individuals that were underserved and oppressed. I earned my Bachelors in Social Work from Grambling State University and my Masters in Social Work from Grambling State University I’ve worked in many different clinical settings ever since. I am a passionate and an empathetic therapist with strong counseling abilities and an understanding of interpersonal familial relationships. I have experience leading clients through depression and anxiety.
(985) 307-5263 View (985) 307-5263
Photo of Lauren Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Lauren Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70115
My education and experience have prepared me to work with individuals with a myriad of issues ranging from depression and anxiety, to couple and family issues, as well as life stage and adolescent issues.
As a mostly Adlerian therapist, I will help clients to explore their behavior patterns which may be interfering with attaining their goals. In order to do this, together we will examine each individual's readiness for change, how fear/anxiety plays a role in keeping them from changing behaviors and explore interpersonal/family relationships. To facilitate the most insight and emotional growth as possible for clients, my goal is to create a comfortable, non-judgemental and confidential environment. Through this environment and exploration clients will be better able to set and attain healthy goals and lifestyles.
My education and experience have prepared me to work with individuals with a myriad of issues ranging from depression and anxiety, to couple and family issues, as well as life stage and adolescent issues.
As a mostly Adlerian therapist, I will help clients to explore their behavior patterns which may be interfering with attaining their goals. In order to do this, together we will examine each individual's readiness for change, how fear/anxiety plays a role in keeping them from changing behaviors and explore interpersonal/family relationships. To facilitate the most insight and emotional growth as possible for clients, my goal is to create a comfortable, non-judgemental and confidential environment. Through this environment and exploration clients will be better able to set and attain healthy goals and lifestyles.
(504) 579-8700 View (504) 579-8700
Photo of Chandra Chaffin, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Chandra Chaffin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119
I have experience with a broad range of clinical issues including depression, anxiety, addictions, disordered eating, self-esteem, intimate partner violence, and other trauma.
The everyday hardships we face along with the evolving pandemic has challenged and changed our lives in ways previously unimagined. Therapy can be a powerful tool to develop insight, learn valuable coping skills, and foster resiliency. I am passionate about empowering individuals who have felt unseen, misunderstood, marginalized, and voiceless. I find joy in helping people gain a greater sense of self-worth and confidence, find meaning and purpose, and courageously tell their story. My goal as a therapist is to help you live a transformed, empowered life and find the courage to be your authentic self.
I have experience with a broad range of clinical issues including depression, anxiety, addictions, disordered eating, self-esteem, intimate partner violence, and other trauma.
The everyday hardships we face along with the evolving pandemic has challenged and changed our lives in ways previously unimagined. Therapy can be a powerful tool to develop insight, learn valuable coping skills, and foster resiliency. I am passionate about empowering individuals who have felt unseen, misunderstood, marginalized, and voiceless. I find joy in helping people gain a greater sense of self-worth and confidence, find meaning and purpose, and courageously tell their story. My goal as a therapist is to help you live a transformed, empowered life and find the courage to be your authentic self.
(504) 386-3952 View (504) 386-3952
Photo of Portia Gordon, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Portia Gordon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, RPT-S, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor- Supervisor and a Registered Play Therapist- Supervisor. I am currently accepting LPCAs for supervision in Texas, clients with insurance in Louisiana, and those paying out of pocket in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. I specialize in working with the Queer community, BIPOC, survivors of trauma, those in polyamorous relationships, dealing with depression and anxiety, and those participating in sex work. I have sessions available on evenings, weekends, and virtual to accommodate work schedules and allow counseling to be a priority that you can keep.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor- Supervisor and a Registered Play Therapist- Supervisor. I am currently accepting LPCAs for supervision in Texas, clients with insurance in Louisiana, and those paying out of pocket in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. I specialize in working with the Queer community, BIPOC, survivors of trauma, those in polyamorous relationships, dealing with depression and anxiety, and those participating in sex work. I have sessions available on evenings, weekends, and virtual to accommodate work schedules and allow counseling to be a priority that you can keep.
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Photo of Gregory H. Salerian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Gregory H. Salerian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70118
In the turbulence of our ever changing world, stress, anxiety, trauma and depression are ever present. I will be in your corner to empathically support and push you to attain stability, resiliency, and a greater ability be present and enjoy life. With an approach grounded in psychobiology and evidence-based holistic modalities, I will work with you to identify issues and unhealthy habits in order to develop systems that incorporate exercise, organization, thought restructuring, and practical problem solving. I am well versed in ADHD, depression, OCD, PTSD, substance use, men's health, gender and relationship issues.
In the turbulence of our ever changing world, stress, anxiety, trauma and depression are ever present. I will be in your corner to empathically support and push you to attain stability, resiliency, and a greater ability be present and enjoy life. With an approach grounded in psychobiology and evidence-based holistic modalities, I will work with you to identify issues and unhealthy habits in order to develop systems that incorporate exercise, organization, thought restructuring, and practical problem solving. I am well versed in ADHD, depression, OCD, PTSD, substance use, men's health, gender and relationship issues.
(504) 608-4002 View (504) 608-4002
Photo of Pamela L Shultz, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Pamela L Shultz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70174  (Online Only)
As a Navy veteran and mother of 4, I recognize that each day comes with challenges and obstacles. It can be challenging to see the light at the end of the day when we are overwhelmed with our responsibilities and expectations. Life can be demanding and recognizing that we need a little assistance is the first step towards a better you. I specialize in treating adults with addictions, substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. I also specialize in divorce and behavioral concerns.
As a Navy veteran and mother of 4, I recognize that each day comes with challenges and obstacles. It can be challenging to see the light at the end of the day when we are overwhelmed with our responsibilities and expectations. Life can be demanding and recognizing that we need a little assistance is the first step towards a better you. I specialize in treating adults with addictions, substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. I also specialize in divorce and behavioral concerns.
(504) 226-5898 View (504) 226-5898
Photo of Amy L Sandridge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Amy L Sandridge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70119
The purpose of therapy is to feel better about your life. I listen to you and help you make connections so that you can better see how what you are doing, or have done, has made you unhappy. Sometimes the goal is to just stop hitting your head against a brick wall. Using cognitive behavioral therapy, genograms, and psychotherapy I will help you towards a sense of well-being and improved personal relationships. There’s no need to feel ashamed of your past. Better to understand your past, to reframe it and to turn the page. Visit the website at theratique.com to learn more.
The purpose of therapy is to feel better about your life. I listen to you and help you make connections so that you can better see how what you are doing, or have done, has made you unhappy. Sometimes the goal is to just stop hitting your head against a brick wall. Using cognitive behavioral therapy, genograms, and psychotherapy I will help you towards a sense of well-being and improved personal relationships. There’s no need to feel ashamed of your past. Better to understand your past, to reframe it and to turn the page. Visit the website at theratique.com to learn more.
(504) 384-8186 View (504) 384-8186
Photo of Kevin Ann Planchet, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Kevin Ann Planchet
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70114  (Online Only)
Many of us have emotions and experiences which chip away at our confidence and the ability to make positive decisions. Those who want to understand those motivations and change them will reach for help. It's not a counselor's job to tell a client what to do. The goal is to help you understand how your experiences affect your emotional health and help you create coping skills to extinguish the negative behaviors which are holding you back. I offer online appointments with HIPAA compliant videoconferencing platforms to protect your privacy.
Many of us have emotions and experiences which chip away at our confidence and the ability to make positive decisions. Those who want to understand those motivations and change them will reach for help. It's not a counselor's job to tell a client what to do. The goal is to help you understand how your experiences affect your emotional health and help you create coping skills to extinguish the negative behaviors which are holding you back. I offer online appointments with HIPAA compliant videoconferencing platforms to protect your privacy.
(504) 641-8639 View (504) 641-8639
Photo of Debra Reeves, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Debra Reeves
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
New Orleans, LA 70122  (Online Only)
I have provided therapy for both children and adults and can honestly say I enjoy working with all ages in various stages of life. I believe that anyone can gain knowledge through their experience in an optimistic way in a warm, supportive, therapeutic environment. When facing challenges and struggles, you do not need to feel alone; it can be very advantageous to have someone by your side who is nonjudgmental, understanding, and compassionate. Taking the opportunity to seek out help is not a sign of weakness; it is an admirable attempt to try to live a more fulfilling life for yourself and demonstrate a great deal of strength!
I have provided therapy for both children and adults and can honestly say I enjoy working with all ages in various stages of life. I believe that anyone can gain knowledge through their experience in an optimistic way in a warm, supportive, therapeutic environment. When facing challenges and struggles, you do not need to feel alone; it can be very advantageous to have someone by your side who is nonjudgmental, understanding, and compassionate. Taking the opportunity to seek out help is not a sign of weakness; it is an admirable attempt to try to live a more fulfilling life for yourself and demonstrate a great deal of strength!
(405) 777-7493 View (405) 777-7493
Photo of Matthew Christian Johnson, Psychologist in New Orleans, LA
Matthew Christian Johnson
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70124  (Online Only)
Oftentimes we find ourselves struggling to break from long-standing patterns that force us to be rigid in the ways we relate to the world around us and the world within in us. These patterns, which seek consistent expression in our daily lives inhibit us from experiencing true presence during the most precious moments of our existence while hindering our pursuit of success. I work with individuals, couples, and families who seek to free themselves from these damaging patterns so that a more flexible, authentic way of relating to the world can emerge.
Oftentimes we find ourselves struggling to break from long-standing patterns that force us to be rigid in the ways we relate to the world around us and the world within in us. These patterns, which seek consistent expression in our daily lives inhibit us from experiencing true presence during the most precious moments of our existence while hindering our pursuit of success. I work with individuals, couples, and families who seek to free themselves from these damaging patterns so that a more flexible, authentic way of relating to the world can emerge.
(202) 804-9651 View (202) 804-9651
Photo of Marlo Best, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Marlo Best
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70113  (Online Only)
knowing where to begin when seeking help can be tough. If you wonder if you are in the right place to get help, here are 8 examples, you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, you cannot escape asking why this happened to you, you have done everything you know to do, you are consumed during the day and lie awake at night fighting fears, discomfort, and pain, you struggle to articulate/deny feelings of guilt and shame, you feel inadequate and different, you seek to find or realign with your purpose, at times, your life does not feel worthy of living.
knowing where to begin when seeking help can be tough. If you wonder if you are in the right place to get help, here are 8 examples, you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, you cannot escape asking why this happened to you, you have done everything you know to do, you are consumed during the day and lie awake at night fighting fears, discomfort, and pain, you struggle to articulate/deny feelings of guilt and shame, you feel inadequate and different, you seek to find or realign with your purpose, at times, your life does not feel worthy of living.
(504) 285-4074 View (504) 285-4074
Photo of Jaraski White, LPC & Associates, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Jaraski White, LPC & Associates, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MBA-HCA, MA, MS, CRC,CVE, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70117  (Online Only)
Please send records and requests to ceo@absolutecommunity.org Hello, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I specialize in a wide range of mental health issues. I am here to help you reach your goals because I care. Además, soy un consejero escolar profesional que puede brindar servicios a los niños que están inscritos en la escuela y que actualmente están aprendiendo a hablar inglés.
Please send records and requests to ceo@absolutecommunity.org Hello, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I specialize in a wide range of mental health issues. I am here to help you reach your goals because I care. Además, soy un consejero escolar profesional que puede brindar servicios a los niños que están inscritos en la escuela y que actualmente están aprendiendo a hablar inglés.
(225) 475-9569 View (225) 475-9569
Photo of CARE Institute Inc. in New Orleans, LA
CARE Institute Inc.
LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70115
CARE Institute offers various programs including FREE and low-cost teletherapy. Our clinicians approach therapy from a holistic systems perspective to assist clients with learning skills to address life challenges. Clinicians at CARE offer a wide range of expertise to assist clients. Our licensed clinicians are marriage and family therapists (LMFT/PLMFT), professional mental health counselors (LPC/PLPC), and Registered Play Therapists. Our CARE for Y'ALL teletherapy program clinicians are marriage & family therapy graduate students from nationally accredited MFT programs.
CARE Institute offers various programs including FREE and low-cost teletherapy. Our clinicians approach therapy from a holistic systems perspective to assist clients with learning skills to address life challenges. Clinicians at CARE offer a wide range of expertise to assist clients. Our licensed clinicians are marriage and family therapists (LMFT/PLMFT), professional mental health counselors (LPC/PLPC), and Registered Play Therapists. Our CARE for Y'ALL teletherapy program clinicians are marriage & family therapy graduate students from nationally accredited MFT programs.
(504) 384-2178 View (504) 384-2178
Photo of Bobbi Kizer, Psychologist in New Orleans, LA
Bobbi Kizer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70124
*Be aware I am not currently taking any new patients due to my schedule being completely full for the foreseeable future. I believe that healing can happen through the process of empathic and supportive counseling. I work with mood issues, personality disorders, grief, substance use and much more. I utilize a culturally sensitive and holistic psychodynamic style of therapy. This approach encourages development in all areas of life (relationships, thoughts, behaviors, emotions, careers, etc.), and pays special attention to unconscious factors and cultural identity (race, religion, sexuality, gender, disability, etc).
*Be aware I am not currently taking any new patients due to my schedule being completely full for the foreseeable future. I believe that healing can happen through the process of empathic and supportive counseling. I work with mood issues, personality disorders, grief, substance use and much more. I utilize a culturally sensitive and holistic psychodynamic style of therapy. This approach encourages development in all areas of life (relationships, thoughts, behaviors, emotions, careers, etc.), and pays special attention to unconscious factors and cultural identity (race, religion, sexuality, gender, disability, etc).
(504) 265-1485 View (504) 265-1485
Photo of Jennifer Ami, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Orleans, LA
Jennifer Ami
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70124  (Online Only)
Let’s admit it, life can be hard! It can feel overwhelming to manage the endless to-do list. Do you want to work on organizational skills, practice navigating difficult conversations, or regulating strong emotions? I am here to help empower you to make the necessary changes to feel successful, breathe a little easier, and enjoy life again. I commend you on taking this step to put yourself first by seeking therapy. I believe therapy is a gift and it would be my privilege to help assist you on your personal journey.
Let’s admit it, life can be hard! It can feel overwhelming to manage the endless to-do list. Do you want to work on organizational skills, practice navigating difficult conversations, or regulating strong emotions? I am here to help empower you to make the necessary changes to feel successful, breathe a little easier, and enjoy life again. I commend you on taking this step to put yourself first by seeking therapy. I believe therapy is a gift and it would be my privilege to help assist you on your personal journey.
(623) 777-9543 View (623) 777-9543
Photo of Jeanine Songy Latham, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Jeanine Songy Latham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RDN, MPH, CDE
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70124
Stress-related health issues ? Overworking to get ahead yet falling further behind in relationships ? My roots of many years in the medical field as a digestive disease and bariatric nutritionist taught me that mis-managed stress(food, drink, media ,substance, overwork) ravages our bodies and our relationships. But.... can be turned around! I have helped countless individuals and couples change problematic thoughts, destructive behavior patterns to improve relationships and health. Sharing your fears and story with someone who understands your medical health, genetics, and self-care will provide a holistic solution.
Stress-related health issues ? Overworking to get ahead yet falling further behind in relationships ? My roots of many years in the medical field as a digestive disease and bariatric nutritionist taught me that mis-managed stress(food, drink, media ,substance, overwork) ravages our bodies and our relationships. But.... can be turned around! I have helped countless individuals and couples change problematic thoughts, destructive behavior patterns to improve relationships and health. Sharing your fears and story with someone who understands your medical health, genetics, and self-care will provide a holistic solution.
(504) 370-8152 View (504) 370-8152
Photo of Chantelle Jones, Pre-Licensed Professional in New Orleans, LA
Chantelle Jones
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70112  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy is your first step! The healing journey along with the stressors of life can be an intimidating path, but you don’t have to travel it alone. Challenge yourself by reshaping your thoughts, affirming your words, and intentionally working towards different behaviors.
Seeking therapy is your first step! The healing journey along with the stressors of life can be an intimidating path, but you don’t have to travel it alone. Challenge yourself by reshaping your thoughts, affirming your words, and intentionally working towards different behaviors.
(225) 529-1360 View (225) 529-1360
Photo of Janina Mayeux, Psychologist in New Orleans, LA
Janina Mayeux
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70112
What is meaningful and important to you? This is different for everyone and can change for anyone in a given day. My approach to therapy is guided by the things you hold as valuable, and what they mean for you; all while using a trauma-informed and queer affirming framework. I strive to provide a safe space without judgment. I have worked with people of all ages who have survived trauma & I also have experience working with LGBTQ+ folks in health related issues, coming out, violent experiences, internalized homophobia/transphobia, transitioning, adverse military experiences, & building resilience, etc.
What is meaningful and important to you? This is different for everyone and can change for anyone in a given day. My approach to therapy is guided by the things you hold as valuable, and what they mean for you; all while using a trauma-informed and queer affirming framework. I strive to provide a safe space without judgment. I have worked with people of all ages who have survived trauma & I also have experience working with LGBTQ+ folks in health related issues, coming out, violent experiences, internalized homophobia/transphobia, transitioning, adverse military experiences, & building resilience, etc.
(225) 435-8792 View (225) 435-8792

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lexi Holden in New Orleans, LA
Lexi Holden
MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Metairie, LA 70001
Welcome to my practice! I'm passionate about helping individuals navigate the complexities of their mental health journey, particularly in areas of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. My approach is deeply rooted in understanding each person's unique experiences and tailoring treatment to address their specific needs. Living with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders can often feel like navigating through a labyrinth of challenges. I also see individuals of all backgrounds, sexual orientations, cultures, and beliefs.
Welcome to my practice! I'm passionate about helping individuals navigate the complexities of their mental health journey, particularly in areas of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. My approach is deeply rooted in understanding each person's unique experiences and tailoring treatment to address their specific needs. Living with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders can often feel like navigating through a labyrinth of challenges. I also see individuals of all backgrounds, sexual orientations, cultures, and beliefs.
(504) 285-4323 View (504) 285-4323
Photo of Brandy Sheth, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Orleans, LA
Brandy Sheth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metairie, LA 70002
I am accepting new clients! Do you feel sad, anxious, stressed out, not sure where to turn? Do you have trouble sleeping or just not happy with the direction your life is going? Are you struggling with addiction or relationship issues? By making the brave decision to attend therapy, we can work on these issues resulting in less anxiety and depression and improved quality of life. I am a licensed professional counselor with over 16 years experience. I specialize in anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
I am accepting new clients! Do you feel sad, anxious, stressed out, not sure where to turn? Do you have trouble sleeping or just not happy with the direction your life is going? Are you struggling with addiction or relationship issues? By making the brave decision to attend therapy, we can work on these issues resulting in less anxiety and depression and improved quality of life. I am a licensed professional counselor with over 16 years experience. I specialize in anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
(504) 684-5260 View (504) 684-5260

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.