Photo of Barbara Kistenmacher, Ph.D., LLC, Psychologist in New York, NY
Barbara Kistenmacher, Ph.D., LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Waitlist for new clients
With individuals, my approach is informed by Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and 12-Step Facilitation.
I have been practicing for over 20 years and have a strong expertise in relationships (couple's therapy, dating, infidelity, relationship conflict, divorce, etc.). I also specialize in anxiety, trauma, addictions and working with high-achieving individuals. My approach involves helping clients develop insight about why they are finding themselves "stuck," while also teaching useful skills that facilitate behavior change; both are crucial for lasting change to occur. Insight provides understanding and self-compassion. Skills help us function better in our day-to-day lives. My approach is empathic, collaborative and practical.
With individuals, my approach is informed by Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and 12-Step Facilitation.
I have been practicing for over 20 years and have a strong expertise in relationships (couple's therapy, dating, infidelity, relationship conflict, divorce, etc.). I also specialize in anxiety, trauma, addictions and working with high-achieving individuals. My approach involves helping clients develop insight about why they are finding themselves "stuck," while also teaching useful skills that facilitate behavior change; both are crucial for lasting change to occur. Insight provides understanding and self-compassion. Skills help us function better in our day-to-day lives. My approach is empathic, collaborative and practical.
(667) 213-1342 View (667) 213-1342
Photo of Dana Rizzo Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dana Rizzo Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
My practice and philosophies are unconventional, existential and relationally -focused. How conscious you are while experiencing attachment within our therapeutic dynamic is a rich, nuanced, living model of your history and unintegrated wounds. My niche lies in the realm of unveiling unconscious influences, healing fragmented child parts, and bringing forth higher alignment between your internal and external worlds. I enjoy building an environment that supports the creation of your story, because it deserves to take up space and you deserve to be heard.
My practice and philosophies are unconventional, existential and relationally -focused. How conscious you are while experiencing attachment within our therapeutic dynamic is a rich, nuanced, living model of your history and unintegrated wounds. My niche lies in the realm of unveiling unconscious influences, healing fragmented child parts, and bringing forth higher alignment between your internal and external worlds. I enjoy building an environment that supports the creation of your story, because it deserves to take up space and you deserve to be heard.
(914) 996-4486 View (914) 996-4486
Photo of Patricia Ross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Patricia Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Feelings of anxiety, depression, or “stuckness” can be debilitating, isolating and feel permanent. We can work together to build the skills you need to feel empowered and able to cope with and overcome the emotions that may currently feel unbearable. I can support you through life transitions - from grief and loss, to figuring out how to best communicate with a loved one or set boundaries with family, friends or coworkers. My practice is founded in tenets of intersectional feminist counseling and liberation therapy theories, and is mindfulness-focused and trauma-informed - sensitive to your individual needs, goals and strengths.
Feelings of anxiety, depression, or “stuckness” can be debilitating, isolating and feel permanent. We can work together to build the skills you need to feel empowered and able to cope with and overcome the emotions that may currently feel unbearable. I can support you through life transitions - from grief and loss, to figuring out how to best communicate with a loved one or set boundaries with family, friends or coworkers. My practice is founded in tenets of intersectional feminist counseling and liberation therapy theories, and is mindfulness-focused and trauma-informed - sensitive to your individual needs, goals and strengths.
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Photo of Corinne Cappelletti, Mental Health Counselor in New York, NY
Corinne Cappelletti
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MFA, R-SMT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012  (Online Only)
I am clinically trained in Psychodynamic, Somatic, and Experiential approaches to therapy, including Hakomi, Gestalt, Sensorimotor, and Clairvoyant psychotherapy.
Accepting new couples & individual therapy clients. All sessions are virtual. Are you looking for a more embodied, connected, and fulfilling life? Maybe you tried traditional talk therapy before but found it wasn’t enough. If you are seeking lasting, holistic personal growth and are open to working on it, consider my integrated body-mind-soul approach. I can help you develop your inner resources to navigate stressful periods; balance your nervous system; communicate clearly and effectively; tend to unprocessed grief; understand your inner dynamics, mood changes, unexpressed creativity, soul longings; and more.
I am clinically trained in Psychodynamic, Somatic, and Experiential approaches to therapy, including Hakomi, Gestalt, Sensorimotor, and Clairvoyant psychotherapy.
Accepting new couples & individual therapy clients. All sessions are virtual. Are you looking for a more embodied, connected, and fulfilling life? Maybe you tried traditional talk therapy before but found it wasn’t enough. If you are seeking lasting, holistic personal growth and are open to working on it, consider my integrated body-mind-soul approach. I can help you develop your inner resources to navigate stressful periods; balance your nervous system; communicate clearly and effectively; tend to unprocessed grief; understand your inner dynamics, mood changes, unexpressed creativity, soul longings; and more.
(929) 474-9705 View (929) 474-9705
Photo of Jessina Laviera, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jessina Laviera, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Whether you are transitioning into a new identity or grappling with an old emotional injury, I offer compassion when you need it most. As a psychotherapist who focuses on how our past experiences inform our present-day perspective, I accompany you while tackling challenges related to trauma, transitions, relationships, and/or everyday life. Utilizing skills from methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) , Somatic Experiencing and Deep Brain Reprocessing allows me to be flexible and sensitive to the individual patient's needs as we set a course for treatment.
Whether you are transitioning into a new identity or grappling with an old emotional injury, I offer compassion when you need it most. As a psychotherapist who focuses on how our past experiences inform our present-day perspective, I accompany you while tackling challenges related to trauma, transitions, relationships, and/or everyday life. Utilizing skills from methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) , Somatic Experiencing and Deep Brain Reprocessing allows me to be flexible and sensitive to the individual patient's needs as we set a course for treatment.
(929) 265-4781 View (929) 265-4781
Photo of Dr. Angela Rita-Farias, LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dr. Angela Rita-Farias, LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DBH, ACSW, LCSW-R, LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
I provide flexible scheduling options to accommodate your busy life. My online platform is fully compliant with HIPAA regulations, ensuring the privacy and security of your information. I offer therapy services for adults, adolescents, and college students who prefer the convenience of online sessions from the comfort of their own spaces. With over two decades of experience, I specialize in various areas, including Domestic Violence, Anger Management, PTSD, Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Pain Management, Assessments, Career Coaching, and Academic Coaching. I also have expertise in working with individuals with visual impairments and
I provide flexible scheduling options to accommodate your busy life. My online platform is fully compliant with HIPAA regulations, ensuring the privacy and security of your information. I offer therapy services for adults, adolescents, and college students who prefer the convenience of online sessions from the comfort of their own spaces. With over two decades of experience, I specialize in various areas, including Domestic Violence, Anger Management, PTSD, Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Pain Management, Assessments, Career Coaching, and Academic Coaching. I also have expertise in working with individuals with visual impairments and
(347) 673-0574 View (347) 673-0574
Photo of Letizia Adorno, LCSW/adornocounseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Letizia Adorno, LCSW/adornocounseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10029  (Online Only)
My training includes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), parts work (from structural dissociation models), mind-body techniques, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and some shamanic interventions.
I am grateful to be a guide to people coping with different life challenges: depression, anxiety, loss, traumatizing events, relationship problems, etc. Collaborating with a professional who can both understand you ("get you") and help you find solutions to problems can be transformative. Exploring how to build upon strengths and find new ways of coping with life challenges is an opportunity to take charge. Therapy is a great tool for this empowerment. I have an open-minded, non-judgmental style and am committed to helping others explore making changes in their situations within a safe, respectful environment. I can help.
My training includes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), parts work (from structural dissociation models), mind-body techniques, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and some shamanic interventions.
I am grateful to be a guide to people coping with different life challenges: depression, anxiety, loss, traumatizing events, relationship problems, etc. Collaborating with a professional who can both understand you ("get you") and help you find solutions to problems can be transformative. Exploring how to build upon strengths and find new ways of coping with life challenges is an opportunity to take charge. Therapy is a great tool for this empowerment. I have an open-minded, non-judgmental style and am committed to helping others explore making changes in their situations within a safe, respectful environment. I can help.
(718) 569-8392 View (718) 569-8392
Photo of Jeanette Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Jeanette Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
I am a diverse Systemic Psychotherapist practicing in New Jersey and New York with a specialty in Marriage & Family Therapy. I will work with you to engage in maximizing functioning in your current relationships and how you interact with the world. Together we will work on you creating the narrative you wish to express more authentically in your personal relationships, work environment and your greater relationship circle(s). I have experience working with clients with a strong focus on life transitions, families in crisis, and those shifting careers and engaged in reinvention.
I am a diverse Systemic Psychotherapist practicing in New Jersey and New York with a specialty in Marriage & Family Therapy. I will work with you to engage in maximizing functioning in your current relationships and how you interact with the world. Together we will work on you creating the narrative you wish to express more authentically in your personal relationships, work environment and your greater relationship circle(s). I have experience working with clients with a strong focus on life transitions, families in crisis, and those shifting careers and engaged in reinvention.
(908) 988-0763 View (908) 988-0763
Photo of Intuitive Healing Psychotherapy Practice, Counselor in New York, NY
Intuitive Healing Psychotherapy Practice
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Welcome! Therapy at Intuitive Healing is a space away from the chaos to explore your life with openness and curiosity, rather than self-judgment or an aim to analyze. Our therapy style is centered around trust, curiosity, and creativity - think warm and collaborative, rather than cold and analytical. We know that living in NYC isn't always easy, and at times it may be hard to connect. Effective therapy can make a lifelong impact, and we’d love to help guide you through the process. We specialize in therapy for trauma, family-of-origin, life transitions, LGBTQ, codependency, addiction/recovery, cultural identity, & gender identity.
Welcome! Therapy at Intuitive Healing is a space away from the chaos to explore your life with openness and curiosity, rather than self-judgment or an aim to analyze. Our therapy style is centered around trust, curiosity, and creativity - think warm and collaborative, rather than cold and analytical. We know that living in NYC isn't always easy, and at times it may be hard to connect. Effective therapy can make a lifelong impact, and we’d love to help guide you through the process. We specialize in therapy for trauma, family-of-origin, life transitions, LGBTQ, codependency, addiction/recovery, cultural identity, & gender identity.
(929) 203-4783 View (929) 203-4783
Photo of Elliott H Maruffi-Cowley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Elliott H Maruffi-Cowley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first step toward becoming your best you! My name is Elliott Maruffi-Cowley, CEO of Best You Practice, LLC. For the past 13 years I have been fortunate enough to assist a diverse population with taking control of their lives. If you are interested in scheduling an appointment or for more information please follow the link bellow. I am currently providing counseling services online via tele-therapy to individuals and couples in California and New York.
Congratulations on taking the first step toward becoming your best you! My name is Elliott Maruffi-Cowley, CEO of Best You Practice, LLC. For the past 13 years I have been fortunate enough to assist a diverse population with taking control of their lives. If you are interested in scheduling an appointment or for more information please follow the link bellow. I am currently providing counseling services online via tele-therapy to individuals and couples in California and New York.
(567) 229-9621 View (567) 229-9621
Photo of Emily Sharp, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Emily Sharp
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, ATR-BC, RYT, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Are you not living your life the way you want to? Let’s talk about it. I help people who feel stuck in old patterns find new ways of seeing. I specialize in working with Adults & Young Adults who are struggling with anxiety of all kinds, life transitions, adjustments, relationship issues, low mood, and those looking to build confidence, set effective boundaries, manage overwhelm, and take actions to make noticeable improvements that lead to more calm, confident, and fulfilling lives. Are you looking for a therapist who is active in conversations, non-judgmental, collaborative, encouraging, and invested? Then we could be a good fit.
Are you not living your life the way you want to? Let’s talk about it. I help people who feel stuck in old patterns find new ways of seeing. I specialize in working with Adults & Young Adults who are struggling with anxiety of all kinds, life transitions, adjustments, relationship issues, low mood, and those looking to build confidence, set effective boundaries, manage overwhelm, and take actions to make noticeable improvements that lead to more calm, confident, and fulfilling lives. Are you looking for a therapist who is active in conversations, non-judgmental, collaborative, encouraging, and invested? Then we could be a good fit.
(332) 244-4058 View (332) 244-4058
Photo of Tracey L. Simon—Psychoanalyst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tracey L. Simon—Psychoanalyst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, LCSW, FIPA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Waitlist for new clients
Do you sometimes find yourself in uncomfortable or painful interactions with others? Do you find yourself conflicted about decisions? Perhaps your difficulties are intense and active, infused with a sense of dread or anger. Or maybe it might be more like a deadness in the form of numbing or repetitive patterns from which you wish to awaken and/or relax into a life of homeostasis.
Do you sometimes find yourself in uncomfortable or painful interactions with others? Do you find yourself conflicted about decisions? Perhaps your difficulties are intense and active, infused with a sense of dread or anger. Or maybe it might be more like a deadness in the form of numbing or repetitive patterns from which you wish to awaken and/or relax into a life of homeostasis.
(646) 600-9163 View (646) 600-9163
Photo of Efrain Torres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Efrain Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
At my practice, I help individuals, children, families, parents and pardner's deal with the demands of everyday life. The stressors can be due to work, school, relationships, parenting or partner issues. For some trauma can be a big part of the problem in dealing with everyday stress. Here at my practice, I use more of an elective approach and can use various therapies to help individuals deal with depression, anxiety, stress, relationships issues, parenting, ADHD, substance abuse, current trauma, past trauma, childhood trauma. I help support individuals build on their strength and resources.
At my practice, I help individuals, children, families, parents and pardner's deal with the demands of everyday life. The stressors can be due to work, school, relationships, parenting or partner issues. For some trauma can be a big part of the problem in dealing with everyday stress. Here at my practice, I use more of an elective approach and can use various therapies to help individuals deal with depression, anxiety, stress, relationships issues, parenting, ADHD, substance abuse, current trauma, past trauma, childhood trauma. I help support individuals build on their strength and resources.
(845) 210-9905 View (845) 210-9905
Photo of Gretchen Cohoon-Blackmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Gretchen Cohoon-Blackmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
I provide relational and somatic psychotherapy to individuals and couples who desire a deeper and more intimate connection to themselves. My definition of healing involves working with the heart, mind, body, and the soul. Through the integration of these parts, we learn to listen to the truth that lives deep within us and we develop a deep, unconditional, and unwavering love for ourselves. This self-love frees us up to experience more connection.
I provide relational and somatic psychotherapy to individuals and couples who desire a deeper and more intimate connection to themselves. My definition of healing involves working with the heart, mind, body, and the soul. Through the integration of these parts, we learn to listen to the truth that lives deep within us and we develop a deep, unconditional, and unwavering love for ourselves. This self-love frees us up to experience more connection.
(917) 746-8715 View (917) 746-8715
Photo of Nancy M. Kells, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Nancy M. Kells, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Before being a therapist, I was a patient struggling with an eating disorder, depression and a history of trauma. I've been in your shoes. Therapy transformed my life, and it can do the same for you. It is an exciting and challenging opportunity; a springboard into a meaningful, confident and fulfilling life. The goals you set for therapy will be met as long as you stay in treatment. You can change your life. The secrets: 1. Resolve the causes of your struggles for permanent change and never give up! :) Best of luck!
Before being a therapist, I was a patient struggling with an eating disorder, depression and a history of trauma. I've been in your shoes. Therapy transformed my life, and it can do the same for you. It is an exciting and challenging opportunity; a springboard into a meaningful, confident and fulfilling life. The goals you set for therapy will be met as long as you stay in treatment. You can change your life. The secrets: 1. Resolve the causes of your struggles for permanent change and never give up! :) Best of luck!
(716) 560-5092 View (716) 560-5092
Photo of Elizabeth Marmaras, Psychologist in New York, NY
Elizabeth Marmaras
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, FAACP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Welcome to our practice. YOU have tried your best in love, play work, and life and somehow is not working out for you just YET!! How frustrating, and even painful. I thrive helping you shift such frustrations in a way that feels inviting, safe, dynamic, inspiring and with added humor to the mix. How do we go about transforming such vulnerablities into powerful gifts? How can you grow in understanding, self worth, and confidence instead of self doubt, inadequacy, guilt and shame? It starts with the FIRST STEP of asking me to help you and I will be here to be with you on this journey.
Welcome to our practice. YOU have tried your best in love, play work, and life and somehow is not working out for you just YET!! How frustrating, and even painful. I thrive helping you shift such frustrations in a way that feels inviting, safe, dynamic, inspiring and with added humor to the mix. How do we go about transforming such vulnerablities into powerful gifts? How can you grow in understanding, self worth, and confidence instead of self doubt, inadequacy, guilt and shame? It starts with the FIRST STEP of asking me to help you and I will be here to be with you on this journey.
(917) 382-9138 View (917) 382-9138
Photo of Adrian Tubero, Psychologist in New York, NY
Adrian Tubero
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
If you are feeling sad, anxious, stuck, and alone, if you are grieving, or struggling with intimacy and interpersonal relationships, whether familial or romantic, or if you feel hostage to past traumas or like a victim too often, I can help you. I specialize in supporting people heal past hurts and traumas as well as anxieties and self-doubts that have often held them back for years. With my therapeutic skills and expertise I can assist you in feeling liberated from your past, empowered, integrated and whole.
If you are feeling sad, anxious, stuck, and alone, if you are grieving, or struggling with intimacy and interpersonal relationships, whether familial or romantic, or if you feel hostage to past traumas or like a victim too often, I can help you. I specialize in supporting people heal past hurts and traumas as well as anxieties and self-doubts that have often held them back for years. With my therapeutic skills and expertise I can assist you in feeling liberated from your past, empowered, integrated and whole.
(917) 791-4233 View (917) 791-4233
Photo of Narcisa Sierra, Counselor in New York, NY
Narcisa Sierra
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024  (Online Only)
You are tired of feeling stuck and not in control of your own emotions. You are tired of living in your head and worrying about everything that could go wrong. The frustration you feel with yourself is mounting and you want to stop repeating patterns that are holding you back in life. Feeling a sense of trust and safety has always been a challenge for you and it has taken a toll on your relationships. I'm here to help. I offer you a safe place where you can make sense of your past and look toward the future. A future where you feel empowered with an understanding of who you are and how to move forward.
You are tired of feeling stuck and not in control of your own emotions. You are tired of living in your head and worrying about everything that could go wrong. The frustration you feel with yourself is mounting and you want to stop repeating patterns that are holding you back in life. Feeling a sense of trust and safety has always been a challenge for you and it has taken a toll on your relationships. I'm here to help. I offer you a safe place where you can make sense of your past and look toward the future. A future where you feel empowered with an understanding of who you are and how to move forward.
(914) 266-9787 View (914) 266-9787
Photo of Danielle Petrella, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Danielle Petrella
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I bring extensive experience working with diverse populations, including the LGBTQ+ community, individuals navigating family dysfunction, attachment wounds, relationship challenges, codependency issues, as well as those struggling with depression and anxiety. Overall, my approach is centered around fostering self-awareness, promoting personal growth, and empowering you to create meaningful and satisfying connections with yourself and others.
I bring extensive experience working with diverse populations, including the LGBTQ+ community, individuals navigating family dysfunction, attachment wounds, relationship challenges, codependency issues, as well as those struggling with depression and anxiety. Overall, my approach is centered around fostering self-awareness, promoting personal growth, and empowering you to create meaningful and satisfying connections with yourself and others.
(315) 996-3465 View (315) 996-3465
Photo of Kaylee Dueber, Counselor in New York, NY
Kaylee Dueber
Counselor, LMHC, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Sometimes our environments feel so loud that we adapt by living in a reactive state to what's going on around us, rather than attuning to what's within us. We can intellectually know ourselves and the world we want, but not emotionally embody ourselves and our desires. This can feel like a tiring loop that often manifests in depressive, anxious, and perfectionistic tendencies. We can change this! Learn how to relate to your emotions in a new way, where they support your ability to cultivate a fully alive life stemming from within YOUR mind-body-heart-spirit!
Sometimes our environments feel so loud that we adapt by living in a reactive state to what's going on around us, rather than attuning to what's within us. We can intellectually know ourselves and the world we want, but not emotionally embody ourselves and our desires. This can feel like a tiring loop that often manifests in depressive, anxious, and perfectionistic tendencies. We can change this! Learn how to relate to your emotions in a new way, where they support your ability to cultivate a fully alive life stemming from within YOUR mind-body-heart-spirit!
(646) 863-4830 View (646) 863-4830
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.