Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Jay Joseph, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jay Joseph
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I enjoy being a psychotherapist because it provides me the opportunity to help people resolve the issues that are causing them distress. I work with adults, children, and families, and understand that each person is a unique individual with his or her unique life circumstances, history, and social and cultural context. A goal of our work together will be to help you identify and understand the conflicts that may be causing you difficulty, and to help you overcome them. Or perhaps negative thinking patterns cause you to experience sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, fear, or other unwanted emotions.
I enjoy being a psychotherapist because it provides me the opportunity to help people resolve the issues that are causing them distress. I work with adults, children, and families, and understand that each person is a unique individual with his or her unique life circumstances, history, and social and cultural context. A goal of our work together will be to help you identify and understand the conflicts that may be causing you difficulty, and to help you overcome them. Or perhaps negative thinking patterns cause you to experience sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, fear, or other unwanted emotions.
(510) 295-5490 View (510) 295-5490
Photo of Paula Massengill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Paula Massengill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
We all sometimes face a challenge in life that we just can't seem to resolve on our own. It might be a new chapter in your life that brings unexpected trials: adulthood, marriage, parenting, step-parenting, divorce, children leaving home, caring for your aging parents, the loss of a loved one, or facing your own mortality. It might be a conflict in a relationship with a loved one or in your professional life. Or it might be more of an internal struggle, whether recent or long-standing, that is giving rise to anxiety, depression, struggles with food or alcohol, or other self-defeating behaviors.
We all sometimes face a challenge in life that we just can't seem to resolve on our own. It might be a new chapter in your life that brings unexpected trials: adulthood, marriage, parenting, step-parenting, divorce, children leaving home, caring for your aging parents, the loss of a loved one, or facing your own mortality. It might be a conflict in a relationship with a loved one or in your professional life. Or it might be more of an internal struggle, whether recent or long-standing, that is giving rise to anxiety, depression, struggles with food or alcohol, or other self-defeating behaviors.
(510) 746-8555 View (510) 746-8555
Photo of Janelle Bercun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Janelle Bercun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I primarily specialize in early childhood and the surrounding relationships. I work with children ages 0-8 focusing on life's adjustments, both the expected and the unexpected. I can offer support to children coping with adjustments, grief/loss, trauma, and anxiety. I also specialize in supporting parents as they navigate this journey alongside their children. I offer parent consultation as well as supportive parenting therapy, helping to nurture the parent-child relationship and improve communication.
I primarily specialize in early childhood and the surrounding relationships. I work with children ages 0-8 focusing on life's adjustments, both the expected and the unexpected. I can offer support to children coping with adjustments, grief/loss, trauma, and anxiety. I also specialize in supporting parents as they navigate this journey alongside their children. I offer parent consultation as well as supportive parenting therapy, helping to nurture the parent-child relationship and improve communication.
(510) 822-7794 View (510) 822-7794
Photo of Lisa Wright, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Lisa Wright
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Are you suffering from sleepless nights and unable to shut off your mind from stress and negative thoughts? Has stress been affecting your health and well-being? Have you felt stuck in terms of your ability to move toward your goals or have the life or career that you want? No matter what challenges you are facing, such as stress, illness, trauma, life transition, relationship issues, or loss, I can help you make the necessary changes to move toward what is most important to you in your life.
Are you suffering from sleepless nights and unable to shut off your mind from stress and negative thoughts? Has stress been affecting your health and well-being? Have you felt stuck in terms of your ability to move toward your goals or have the life or career that you want? No matter what challenges you are facing, such as stress, illness, trauma, life transition, relationship issues, or loss, I can help you make the necessary changes to move toward what is most important to you in your life.
(925) 270-1528 View (925) 270-1528
Photo of Lisette R Lahana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lisette R Lahana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Welcome! I understand the challenges of finding the right therapist. My aim is to provide a sanctuary where we address your concerns from a holistic perspective.My practice is tailored for individuals who identify as queer, trans, non-binary, or are exploring gender and/or sexuality. Embracing a trauma-informed approach, I acknowledge the experiences you've endured and can support your journey toward healing.With over two decades of experience, I specialize in mood condition like Bipolar Disorder. Whether it's navigating identity or focusing on other essential aspects of your life such as relationships or career, I'm here to help.
Welcome! I understand the challenges of finding the right therapist. My aim is to provide a sanctuary where we address your concerns from a holistic perspective.My practice is tailored for individuals who identify as queer, trans, non-binary, or are exploring gender and/or sexuality. Embracing a trauma-informed approach, I acknowledge the experiences you've endured and can support your journey toward healing.With over two decades of experience, I specialize in mood condition like Bipolar Disorder. Whether it's navigating identity or focusing on other essential aspects of your life such as relationships or career, I'm here to help.
(510) 915-4795 View (510) 915-4795
Photo of Alisa Vincent Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alisa Vincent Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I have a virtual private practice in California where I work with teens, and adults. I consider therapy a relationship we co-create specifically to suit your needs; one to help you feel safe, heard, and respected. I have a relational style, meaning you will receive feedback from me, and never feel like you're talking to a blank wall. We all share an intrinsic longing for hope, wholeness, empowerment, and meaning. It's my privilege to help clients nourish that longing into a drive; to help them gain a sense of mastery and direction in their own lives.
I have a virtual private practice in California where I work with teens, and adults. I consider therapy a relationship we co-create specifically to suit your needs; one to help you feel safe, heard, and respected. I have a relational style, meaning you will receive feedback from me, and never feel like you're talking to a blank wall. We all share an intrinsic longing for hope, wholeness, empowerment, and meaning. It's my privilege to help clients nourish that longing into a drive; to help them gain a sense of mastery and direction in their own lives.
(510) 421-0320 View (510) 421-0320
Photo of Bridges Therapy Group of California, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Bridges Therapy Group of California
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
(510) 756-2927 View (510) 756-2927
Photo of Cameron Murphey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cameron Murphey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94607
“The best things in life are on the other side of fear.” You or your teen struggle with anxiety, OCD, or trauma. You spend hours worrying and feeling anxious. You feel tense and you're in a ton of pain. You’ve tried all kinds of ways to get rid of the problem - relaxation, meditation, etc. - and nothing has worked. You’re confused, frustrated, and nearly hopeless. You desperately want relief, but the anxiety and intrusive thoughts seem to have taken over, leaving you feeling powerless and alone in your battle. You don’t understand why this is happening, how to make it go away, or even what to do next.
“The best things in life are on the other side of fear.” You or your teen struggle with anxiety, OCD, or trauma. You spend hours worrying and feeling anxious. You feel tense and you're in a ton of pain. You’ve tried all kinds of ways to get rid of the problem - relaxation, meditation, etc. - and nothing has worked. You’re confused, frustrated, and nearly hopeless. You desperately want relief, but the anxiety and intrusive thoughts seem to have taken over, leaving you feeling powerless and alone in your battle. You don’t understand why this is happening, how to make it go away, or even what to do next.
(510) 216-1751 View (510) 216-1751
Photo of Shara Kaufman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Shara Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Hope is the driving force that brings many people to therapy. Though symptoms of anxiety and depression, including hopelessness, may be the reasons one decides to begin treatment, I believe hope for a better way forward is the underlying principle. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief and loss - essentially the challenges of being human.
Hope is the driving force that brings many people to therapy. Though symptoms of anxiety and depression, including hopelessness, may be the reasons one decides to begin treatment, I believe hope for a better way forward is the underlying principle. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief and loss - essentially the challenges of being human.
(510) 916-3770 View (510) 916-3770
Photo of Henna Cho, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Henna Cho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
(213) 516-6404 View (213) 516-6404
Photo of Lana Theimer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lana Theimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
(510) 493-7012 View (510) 493-7012
Photo of Jennifer Margolis, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Margolis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
In every psychotherapy session there is a place where the client and therapist meet and come alive in the present moment. This is the place that I work from. I achieve this through active dialogue, attentive listening and creative exchange. I think it is essential to offer a space where you can feel safe to be honest about what is happening in your life. Whether you're dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or struggling with a life transition, it is the relationship between you and me that leads to insight and healing.
In every psychotherapy session there is a place where the client and therapist meet and come alive in the present moment. This is the place that I work from. I achieve this through active dialogue, attentive listening and creative exchange. I think it is essential to offer a space where you can feel safe to be honest about what is happening in your life. Whether you're dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or struggling with a life transition, it is the relationship between you and me that leads to insight and healing.
(415) 800-2017 View (415) 800-2017
Photo of Nicole Dietze, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nicole Dietze
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
(510) 288-9482 View (510) 288-9482
Photo of Caroline Valenzuela, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Caroline Valenzuela
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
I believe that humans inherently possess the ability to grow and change, and I want to work collaboratively with you to identify deep rooted narratives, increase coping skills, and build on your existing strengths. If you are suffering from trauma, mental health issues, relationship issues, or are challenged dealing with the stressors of daily life, we can work on it together.
I believe that humans inherently possess the ability to grow and change, and I want to work collaboratively with you to identify deep rooted narratives, increase coping skills, and build on your existing strengths. If you are suffering from trauma, mental health issues, relationship issues, or are challenged dealing with the stressors of daily life, we can work on it together.
(707) 827-0855 View (707) 827-0855
Photo of Natalie Jones, Counselor in Oakland, CA
Natalie Jones
Counselor, PsyD, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
When you are in a relationship with a narcissist, you don't know what's real anymore. Somewhere along the way you have gotten lost in the cycle of toxicity and you are unsure of how to get out. You feel powerless and you try to explain to others what's going on, but they don't understand. You have a hard time explaining the manipulation, gaslighting, love bombing, and trauma bonding. You have a hard time hiding how you really feel behind your smile. You have lost yourself in your relationship, and what's worse - you don't feel happy or connected to anyone. You long for a safe place to unload your heavy burdens.
When you are in a relationship with a narcissist, you don't know what's real anymore. Somewhere along the way you have gotten lost in the cycle of toxicity and you are unsure of how to get out. You feel powerless and you try to explain to others what's going on, but they don't understand. You have a hard time explaining the manipulation, gaslighting, love bombing, and trauma bonding. You have a hard time hiding how you really feel behind your smile. You have lost yourself in your relationship, and what's worse - you don't feel happy or connected to anyone. You long for a safe place to unload your heavy burdens.
(415) 322-5527 View (415) 322-5527
Photo of Renea Lynn, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Renea Lynn
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
If you are looking for down to earth & collaborative therapy, I'd be happy to see how I can be of help. I'm dedicated to providing a therapeutic environment that is inclusive, welcoming, culturally humble, compassionate and thoughtful. In addition to treating depression, anxiety and trauma, I specialize in 1. Relational Trauma (when someone has been repeatedly hurt by a loved one, community, institution and/or society), 2. Religious Trauma (when theology, culture and/or religious leader/community has caused shame, fear and pain) and 3. Child/Adolescent Therapy (for ADHD, school refusal, social struggles, depression and anxiety).
If you are looking for down to earth & collaborative therapy, I'd be happy to see how I can be of help. I'm dedicated to providing a therapeutic environment that is inclusive, welcoming, culturally humble, compassionate and thoughtful. In addition to treating depression, anxiety and trauma, I specialize in 1. Relational Trauma (when someone has been repeatedly hurt by a loved one, community, institution and/or society), 2. Religious Trauma (when theology, culture and/or religious leader/community has caused shame, fear and pain) and 3. Child/Adolescent Therapy (for ADHD, school refusal, social struggles, depression and anxiety).
(510) 454-8739 View (510) 454-8739
Photo of Levana Adato, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Levana Adato
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I became a therapist because I believe in making the world a better place, helping one person at a time. From a very young age, I learned the value of social justice and helping others from my family. I volunteered a lot growing up, helping the elderly and my community. My therapy style includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Solution Focused, culturally sensitive, Family Systems, grief, humanistic, integrative, interpersonal, life coaching, multicultural, person-centered, reality therapy, Strength-Based, and Trauma-Focused.
I became a therapist because I believe in making the world a better place, helping one person at a time. From a very young age, I learned the value of social justice and helping others from my family. I volunteered a lot growing up, helping the elderly and my community. My therapy style includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Solution Focused, culturally sensitive, Family Systems, grief, humanistic, integrative, interpersonal, life coaching, multicultural, person-centered, reality therapy, Strength-Based, and Trauma-Focused.
(415) 851-6896 View (415) 851-6896
Photo of Jennie Beuhler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Jennie Beuhler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Do the “shoulds” dictate your every move? Are you a “people pleaser” putting the needs and wants of others before your own? Do you constantly take care of others at the expense of yourself? Do you frequently second guess or doubt yourself? Doing these things means you ignore your own wants, needs and values. Living out of alignment with yourself leads to feeling lost, discontent, anxious, low self-esteem, disconnected, unfulfilled, regret, resentment, or grief. Let's find ways for you to live more in alignment with who you truly are so you can experience relief and feel more confident, grounded and fulfilled.
Do the “shoulds” dictate your every move? Are you a “people pleaser” putting the needs and wants of others before your own? Do you constantly take care of others at the expense of yourself? Do you frequently second guess or doubt yourself? Doing these things means you ignore your own wants, needs and values. Living out of alignment with yourself leads to feeling lost, discontent, anxious, low self-esteem, disconnected, unfulfilled, regret, resentment, or grief. Let's find ways for you to live more in alignment with who you truly are so you can experience relief and feel more confident, grounded and fulfilled.
(628) 209-6422 View (628) 209-6422
Photo of Joshua DeWeese, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Joshua DeWeese
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who approaches therapy with a trauma informed and culturally sensitive lens. I have been a resident of Los Angeles for five years, and in 2018 I earned my Master of Social Work degree from the University of Southern California. Since graduating I have worked extensively in community mental health settings with adults diagnosed with substance use disorders and severe and persistent mental illnesses, as well as survivors of domestic violence and sexual abuse.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who approaches therapy with a trauma informed and culturally sensitive lens. I have been a resident of Los Angeles for five years, and in 2018 I earned my Master of Social Work degree from the University of Southern California. Since graduating I have worked extensively in community mental health settings with adults diagnosed with substance use disorders and severe and persistent mental illnesses, as well as survivors of domestic violence and sexual abuse.
(510) 876-4013 View (510) 876-4013
Photo of Dylan Christopher Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Dylan Christopher Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
My clients are people who are curious about exploring the relationship between body and psyche, and how the forming of each, influences and shapes the other. I am practicing through the auspices of Grateful Heart Holistic Therapy Center, a nonprofit organization providing affordable psychotherapy to children, teens, adults, couples, families and groups throughout San Francisco, the East Bay and Contra Costa County.
My clients are people who are curious about exploring the relationship between body and psyche, and how the forming of each, influences and shapes the other. I am practicing through the auspices of Grateful Heart Holistic Therapy Center, a nonprofit organization providing affordable psychotherapy to children, teens, adults, couples, families and groups throughout San Francisco, the East Bay and Contra Costa County.
(415) 991-7185 View (415) 991-7185

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.