Eating Disorders Therapists in Oakland Park, FL

Photo of Valerie Jean Elsbree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Valerie Jean Elsbree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CAP, PA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland Park, FL 33334
My specialties include; Individual, Relationship and Family Therapy, for Addictions,Eating Disorders (Bulimia, Anorexia, Compulsive Overeating, Bingeing/Purging), Co-Dependency (setting limits with people, unresolved family of origin issues, child-within work), Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Domestic Violence, Trauma, and past Childhood Abuse.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Addictions Professional, I have 30+ years of experience in the therapy field, providing therapy to adults and adolescents through individual, couples, family and group modalities. My culturally diverse Counseling Center provides therapeutic services to men, women and adolescents from all walks of life. One goals during the therapy process is to provide a confidential, safe and nurturing environment so my clients feel comfortable exploring areas of their lives that may be blocking them from living life to their full potential and/or is causing them emotional, mental, physical,spiritual social, or sexual pain or distress.
My specialties include; Individual, Relationship and Family Therapy, for Addictions,Eating Disorders (Bulimia, Anorexia, Compulsive Overeating, Bingeing/Purging), Co-Dependency (setting limits with people, unresolved family of origin issues, child-within work), Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Domestic Violence, Trauma, and past Childhood Abuse.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Addictions Professional, I have 30+ years of experience in the therapy field, providing therapy to adults and adolescents through individual, couples, family and group modalities. My culturally diverse Counseling Center provides therapeutic services to men, women and adolescents from all walks of life. One goals during the therapy process is to provide a confidential, safe and nurturing environment so my clients feel comfortable exploring areas of their lives that may be blocking them from living life to their full potential and/or is causing them emotional, mental, physical,spiritual social, or sexual pain or distress.
(954) 399-7912 View (954) 399-7912
Photo of Christina Silva-Anderson, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Christina Silva-Anderson
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CCTP-II, CMNCS, NCC
Verified Verified
Oakland Park, FL 33311  (Online Only)
I chose the path of therapy because my passion lies in helping individuals discover their true selves, empowering them to express their thoughts, and guiding them towards a brighter future. My expertise centers around assisting those seeking self-discovery, exploring generational influences, or navigating transformative life experiences.
I chose the path of therapy because my passion lies in helping individuals discover their true selves, empowering them to express their thoughts, and guiding them towards a brighter future. My expertise centers around assisting those seeking self-discovery, exploring generational influences, or navigating transformative life experiences.
(954) 866-2186 View (954) 866-2186
Photo of Dr. Alexandra Alfaro Vela, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Dr. Alexandra Alfaro Vela
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland Park, FL 33304
Hi! I'm Dr. Alfaro Vela and I am devoted to working with individuals, couples, and families alike. I practice using a systemic approach, and aim to collaborate with my clients to build a picture of their preferred selves and future. I strive to take a step into my client's frame of reality to understand the challenges that they may be facing and offer new perspectives. Together, I work with clients to help them see what they would like to achieve, as well how they could possibly get there. My goal as a therapist is to provide clients with a safe space to explore their emotional horizon.
Hi! I'm Dr. Alfaro Vela and I am devoted to working with individuals, couples, and families alike. I practice using a systemic approach, and aim to collaborate with my clients to build a picture of their preferred selves and future. I strive to take a step into my client's frame of reality to understand the challenges that they may be facing and offer new perspectives. Together, I work with clients to help them see what they would like to achieve, as well how they could possibly get there. My goal as a therapist is to provide clients with a safe space to explore their emotional horizon.
(754) 212-8764 View (754) 212-8764
Photo of Roberto Rea, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Roberto Rea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland Park, FL 33334
I offer clients compassion, understanding and patience in a nurturing and safe environment. Through mutual collaboration we will begin to understand feelings, patterns and beliefs that may be getting in the way of a more fulfilling life. As a therapist I respect the internal process of every client. I have a master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from New York University (NYU) and post graduate training in Post Modern Psychodynamic Psychotherapy from the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy (ICP) in New York City. I have 20 plus years of clinical experience.
I offer clients compassion, understanding and patience in a nurturing and safe environment. Through mutual collaboration we will begin to understand feelings, patterns and beliefs that may be getting in the way of a more fulfilling life. As a therapist I respect the internal process of every client. I have a master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from New York University (NYU) and post graduate training in Post Modern Psychodynamic Psychotherapy from the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy (ICP) in New York City. I have 20 plus years of clinical experience.
(954) 715-4183 View (954) 715-4183
Photo of Matt Ghezzi, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Matt Ghezzi
Counselor, LMHC, ACHT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland Park, FL 33334
Being Stuck is Your opportunity to grow. Whether this shows up in your life as an addiction, your relationship with your spouse, partner, child, career or finances,it is just the surface. There are patterns in our lives that replay over and over again in realtionships, habits or suffering of some kind. Their existence has one purpose. That purpose is to realize our ability to heal ourselves.
Being Stuck is Your opportunity to grow. Whether this shows up in your life as an addiction, your relationship with your spouse, partner, child, career or finances,it is just the surface. There are patterns in our lives that replay over and over again in realtionships, habits or suffering of some kind. Their existence has one purpose. That purpose is to realize our ability to heal ourselves.
(954) 501-0501 View (954) 501-0501
Photo of Heather Lee Vaughn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Heather Lee Vaughn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , MCAP , CTMH, CCATP
Verified Verified
Oakland Park, FL 33309  (Online Only)
Life can be difficult. Managing the ups and downs of life can be especially stressful for those suffering from anxiety, depression, eating disorders and addiction. Putting down unhelpful habits can be hard. Even if you are in recovery, maintenance is not always easy. We often turn to things to make us feel better, not realizing the damage this does. Taking things one day at a time and choosing healthy coping mechanisms can be easier said than done. Sometimes extra support is needed to make the right choices.
Life can be difficult. Managing the ups and downs of life can be especially stressful for those suffering from anxiety, depression, eating disorders and addiction. Putting down unhelpful habits can be hard. Even if you are in recovery, maintenance is not always easy. We often turn to things to make us feel better, not realizing the damage this does. Taking things one day at a time and choosing healthy coping mechanisms can be easier said than done. Sometimes extra support is needed to make the right choices.
(954) 231-2441 View (954) 231-2441
Photo of Nancy Maccoll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Nancy Maccoll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland Park, FL 33334
I feel that my clients can reach their potential. I am very open minded, empathetic and conscientious in working together with clients who I will go to great lengths for, to help them reach their potential. I work with clients to resolve issues that cause them to feel depressed and anxious. This could include self esteem or relationships issues such codependence, boundary or communication. Clint's discomfort could also emanate from addictions which either be related to substances or behaviors. I also help my clients to resolve past traumas, which could include sexual, physical or emotional abuse which are still affecting their lives today.
I feel that my clients can reach their potential. I am very open minded, empathetic and conscientious in working together with clients who I will go to great lengths for, to help them reach their potential. I work with clients to resolve issues that cause them to feel depressed and anxious. This could include self esteem or relationships issues such codependence, boundary or communication. Clint's discomfort could also emanate from addictions which either be related to substances or behaviors. I also help my clients to resolve past traumas, which could include sexual, physical or emotional abuse which are still affecting their lives today.
(954) 719-5231 View (954) 719-5231
Photo of Rachel L Greenberg, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Rachel L Greenberg
Counselor, LMHC, ACHT, MCAP
Verified Verified
Oakland Park, FL 33334
BREATHE… Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or in conflict? Are you experiencing relationship problems or loss? Or are you being hijacked by rumination, anxiety, a past trauma, anger, and/or addictive behaviors? Rachel can help as she fosters a safe, nonjudgmental space to release your feelings as well as designs a plan with you to improve your life. You will feel a sense of belonging & develop the power to meet your goals. You can finally make the changes that have challenged you. You will know more happiness & peace if you are willing to practice the tools. Please call and leave your email in your message for an appointment.
BREATHE… Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or in conflict? Are you experiencing relationship problems or loss? Or are you being hijacked by rumination, anxiety, a past trauma, anger, and/or addictive behaviors? Rachel can help as she fosters a safe, nonjudgmental space to release your feelings as well as designs a plan with you to improve your life. You will feel a sense of belonging & develop the power to meet your goals. You can finally make the changes that have challenged you. You will know more happiness & peace if you are willing to practice the tools. Please call and leave your email in your message for an appointment.
(954) 280-6593 View (954) 280-6593

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Susan V Block, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Susan V Block
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33305  (Online Only)
Is your marriage/relationship on the brink of separation or divorce? Is the lack of intimacy and connection causing you heartache? The constant arguing makes your head spin. You feel more like roommates than lovers. You're wondering, "What’s happened to us?" Everything gets swept under the rug with no resolution. It's a vicious cycle. You feel sad, confused, anxious, alone or even depressed. The relationship is in crisis, and you feel stuck. We can help! Our team of trusted therapists are ready to take your call. We create a confidential, safe space for our clients. Call or email TODAY to set up your complimentary consultation.
Is your marriage/relationship on the brink of separation or divorce? Is the lack of intimacy and connection causing you heartache? The constant arguing makes your head spin. You feel more like roommates than lovers. You're wondering, "What’s happened to us?" Everything gets swept under the rug with no resolution. It's a vicious cycle. You feel sad, confused, anxious, alone or even depressed. The relationship is in crisis, and you feel stuck. We can help! Our team of trusted therapists are ready to take your call. We create a confidential, safe space for our clients. Call or email TODAY to set up your complimentary consultation.
(754) 227-6005 View (754) 227-6005
Photo of Natalya Gaydarzhi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Natalya Gaydarzhi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
Hello. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience working in a clinical setting with youth, adults, couples and geriatrics with complex, chronic and acute mental health issues including trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety, insomnia, eating disorders, complex grief and adjustment issues among others. I am based in Florida however am dually licensed to treat individuals in both, Florida and Washington.
Hello. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience working in a clinical setting with youth, adults, couples and geriatrics with complex, chronic and acute mental health issues including trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety, insomnia, eating disorders, complex grief and adjustment issues among others. I am based in Florida however am dually licensed to treat individuals in both, Florida and Washington.
(954) 516-1773 View (954) 516-1773
Photo of Toni Falcone, Psychologist in Oakland Park, FL
Toni Falcone
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306
Do you know that something needs to change but you can't seem to figure out what it is? Or maybe you know what needs to change, but you can't seem to figure out how? You feel stuck. You may even feel defeated. You know that something is wrong, and although you have tried on your own, you aren't feeling better yet. The voice inside of you that used to scream, "YOU DESERVE MORE" and "LIFE IS SUPPOSED TO FEEL BETTER THAN THIS" keeps getting quieter and quieter. Luckily, there is help. It does get better. Together, we can identify the patterns and behaviors that are keeping you stuck, and get your life back on the path you deserve.
Do you know that something needs to change but you can't seem to figure out what it is? Or maybe you know what needs to change, but you can't seem to figure out how? You feel stuck. You may even feel defeated. You know that something is wrong, and although you have tried on your own, you aren't feeling better yet. The voice inside of you that used to scream, "YOU DESERVE MORE" and "LIFE IS SUPPOSED TO FEEL BETTER THAN THIS" keeps getting quieter and quieter. Luckily, there is help. It does get better. Together, we can identify the patterns and behaviors that are keeping you stuck, and get your life back on the path you deserve.
(954) 637-1412 View (954) 637-1412
Photo of Amanda Strunin, Psychologist in Oakland Park, FL
Amanda Strunin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who enjoys helping individuals with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, eating problems, existential and grief issues, and difficulty in relationships. I also specialize in behavioral medicine and the treatment of sleep disorders, chronic pain, smoking cessation, trouble with behavior modification, and stressors related to managing a chronic illness. Having worked with individuals, couples and families in both hospital and private practice settings, I welcome the opportunity to help you find creative and innovative solutions to living a balanced life.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who enjoys helping individuals with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, eating problems, existential and grief issues, and difficulty in relationships. I also specialize in behavioral medicine and the treatment of sleep disorders, chronic pain, smoking cessation, trouble with behavior modification, and stressors related to managing a chronic illness. Having worked with individuals, couples and families in both hospital and private practice settings, I welcome the opportunity to help you find creative and innovative solutions to living a balanced life.
(786) 565-4065 View (786) 565-4065
Photo of Thriving Center of Psychology - Miami, Psychologist in Oakland Park, FL
Thriving Center of Psychology - Miami
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304
Thriving Center of Psychology is setting a new standard for accessible, high-quality mental health care. As a therapist-founded organization, our mission is to streamline the journey towards mental well-being, offering personalized hybrid care that gives patients and clinicians flexibility between in-person and virtual sessions which includes individual, couples, and family therapy across 14 states. We ensure that you can find the right therapist and form a connection that fosters measurable and meaningful change.
Thriving Center of Psychology is setting a new standard for accessible, high-quality mental health care. As a therapist-founded organization, our mission is to streamline the journey towards mental well-being, offering personalized hybrid care that gives patients and clinicians flexibility between in-person and virtual sessions which includes individual, couples, and family therapy across 14 states. We ensure that you can find the right therapist and form a connection that fosters measurable and meaningful change.
(786) 418-4014 View (786) 418-4014
Photo of Agustin de Brito. Psicólogo Cognitivo Conductual in Oakland Park, FL
Agustin de Brito. Psicólogo Cognitivo Conductual
MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
Psicólogo Cognitivo Conductual y Sistemico, de Argentina, con 17 años de trabajo en la práctica clínica. Con amplia experiencia en instituciones de salud mental así como en consultorio privado.
Psicólogo Cognitivo Conductual y Sistemico, de Argentina, con 17 años de trabajo en la práctica clínica. Con amplia experiencia en instituciones de salud mental así como en consultorio privado.
(305) 376-7520 View (305) 376-7520
Photo of Amy Rosenthal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland Park, FL
Amy Rosenthal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306
Everyone deserves to find joy and peace in their life. The journey may be more difficult if your childhood was traumatic or painful. Anxiety, depression or addiction may be interfering with your relationships. You do not have to find your way alone. I can guide you as we discover how to remove obstacles to your happiness, creating a life that is fulfilling and meaningful.
Everyone deserves to find joy and peace in their life. The journey may be more difficult if your childhood was traumatic or painful. Anxiety, depression or addiction may be interfering with your relationships. You do not have to find your way alone. I can guide you as we discover how to remove obstacles to your happiness, creating a life that is fulfilling and meaningful.
(754) 219-8412 View (754) 219-8412
Photo of Danielle Carney, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Danielle Carney
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CEDS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
Tell me if any of this sounds like you - You're relentlessly hard on yourself. You might feel uncomfy in your own skin and struggle with body image or disordered eating. Maybe you're burnt out on dating/relationships and wonder if you'll ever find what you're looking for. On the surface, it might seem like you have it all together, but in reality, you overthink, have a hard time speaking your mind, and run through "what ifs" endlessly. You're goal-oriented and hard-working, but regardless of your accomplishments, nothing feels like it translates to truly feeling good enough. If this resonates with you, you're in the right place!
Tell me if any of this sounds like you - You're relentlessly hard on yourself. You might feel uncomfy in your own skin and struggle with body image or disordered eating. Maybe you're burnt out on dating/relationships and wonder if you'll ever find what you're looking for. On the surface, it might seem like you have it all together, but in reality, you overthink, have a hard time speaking your mind, and run through "what ifs" endlessly. You're goal-oriented and hard-working, but regardless of your accomplishments, nothing feels like it translates to truly feeling good enough. If this resonates with you, you're in the right place!
View
Photo of Brielle Paige Rassler, Psychologist in Oakland Park, FL
Brielle Paige Rassler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
I believe that each person is the expert of their own story. My job is to simply help steady the lamp, so that your Light can shine. I have worked at every level of care helping people recover from eating disorders & addictions for over 10 years and also have extensive experience treating depression, anxiety, trauma, & losses of all kinds. I am here to help you find and maintain the freedom that your soul has been craving all along. Utilizing evidenced based practices and personalized treatment interventions, we will work together to assess and address your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs as your journey unfolds.
I believe that each person is the expert of their own story. My job is to simply help steady the lamp, so that your Light can shine. I have worked at every level of care helping people recover from eating disorders & addictions for over 10 years and also have extensive experience treating depression, anxiety, trauma, & losses of all kinds. I am here to help you find and maintain the freedom that your soul has been craving all along. Utilizing evidenced based practices and personalized treatment interventions, we will work together to assess and address your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs as your journey unfolds.
(954) 710-6879 View (954) 710-6879
Photo of Jennifer Mary Paul, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Jennifer Mary Paul
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, QS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306
As a Dialectical Behavioral Therapist (DBT) with over 15 years of experience, I have a sincere commitment to helping people achieve mental wellness by treating a broad range of difficulties including phase of life issues, women's issues, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, grief, substance abuse, and interpersonal and family relationship issues. My goal is to promote overall mental wellness of individuals through support, encouragement and challenge. In conjunction with providing individual therapy and couples/marital therapy, I also provide coaching services including executive, career and basic life coaching.
As a Dialectical Behavioral Therapist (DBT) with over 15 years of experience, I have a sincere commitment to helping people achieve mental wellness by treating a broad range of difficulties including phase of life issues, women's issues, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, grief, substance abuse, and interpersonal and family relationship issues. My goal is to promote overall mental wellness of individuals through support, encouragement and challenge. In conjunction with providing individual therapy and couples/marital therapy, I also provide coaching services including executive, career and basic life coaching.
(954) 388-7415 View (954) 388-7415
Photo of Seandel P. Aiken, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Seandel P. Aiken
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
My diverse experience and education have allowed me to gain knowledge of working with people struggling with eating disorders, substance abuse, emotional disturbance, low self esteem, assertiveness training, mood instability, and survivors of sexual assault.
Life tends to show up whether we are ready or not, and I specialize in helping individuals process and deal with those situations. I understand the importance of building a strong therapeutic relationship that is genuine and promotes growth. My ideal client will value my supportive yet direct approach as they are ready to make changes in their lives and be the best version of themselves. They are ready to gain clarity into their limitations, learned behaviors, and personality flaws that is keeping them from living the life that they truly deserve.
My diverse experience and education have allowed me to gain knowledge of working with people struggling with eating disorders, substance abuse, emotional disturbance, low self esteem, assertiveness training, mood instability, and survivors of sexual assault.
Life tends to show up whether we are ready or not, and I specialize in helping individuals process and deal with those situations. I understand the importance of building a strong therapeutic relationship that is genuine and promotes growth. My ideal client will value my supportive yet direct approach as they are ready to make changes in their lives and be the best version of themselves. They are ready to gain clarity into their limitations, learned behaviors, and personality flaws that is keeping them from living the life that they truly deserve.
(321) 419-1186 View (321) 419-1186
Photo of Faith Makris Becker, Counselor in Oakland Park, FL
Faith Makris Becker
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
Taking the first step towards making a change is the most difficult step but most important. What one needs most during this time is a space of safety, empathy and encouragement. I would like to join you in your self discovery and provide an opportunity for self-understanding to take place in attempt to accept the past, make sense of the present and mold for a better future. It would be a privilege to unite with you in this therapeutic journey, so to help you find change, peace and much deserved happiness.
Taking the first step towards making a change is the most difficult step but most important. What one needs most during this time is a space of safety, empathy and encouragement. I would like to join you in your self discovery and provide an opportunity for self-understanding to take place in attempt to accept the past, make sense of the present and mold for a better future. It would be a privilege to unite with you in this therapeutic journey, so to help you find change, peace and much deserved happiness.
(480) 907-9324 View (480) 907-9324

See more therapy options for Oakland Park

Eating Disorders Therapists

What happens in therapy for eating disorders?

In therapy for eating disorders, patients typically describe their eating and exercise behaviors, their patterns of eating in relation to stress, their beliefs about their body, the ways their eating behavior affects their relationships, and their desire (or lack of it) to change. Such information helps the therapist understand the origins of the disorder and the role it plays in the patient’s life, important for guiding treatment. Attitudes and feelings about food and eating, body weight, and physical appearance are common topics of discussion throughout treatment.

What therapy types help with eating disorders?

Once any acute medical or psychiatric emergency is resolved, psychoactive medication is often prescribed, requiring the supervision of a psychiatrist. In addition, patients receive some form of nutritional counseling along with one or more forms of psychotherapy. For adolescents, family-based treatment is empirically validated and considered the first line of treatment; parents and their children meet weekly with a clinician as the adults are coached on how to nourish and psychologically support the young patient. Adults typically receive some form of individual psychotherapy, intended to resolve the cognitive and behavioral disturbances that underlie the disorder and to relieve the mood disturbances that accompany it. In addition, patients may also be helped by group therapy.

What is the goal of therapy for eating disorders?

The most immediate goal of treatment for eating disorders is to save the life of people who are on a path of starving themselves to death or engaging in eating patterns that are doing irreparable physical harm to their body. Once the acute medical danger is past, therapy is required to understand the nature of the disordered eating and/or exercise patterns, establish healthy eating behavior, and to tackle the many erroneous beliefs and distorted self-perceptions that underlie eating disorders and continue to pose a threat to health and life. Therapy also addresses the impaired mood that not only accompanies eating disorders but intensifies the danger to health and life.

What are the limitations of therapy for eating disorders?

Therapy can be very helpful for eating disorders—but that can happen only after people recognize they have a condition that must be treated. Especially with anorexia, the distortions in self-image that accompany the disorder can keep people from acknowledging they have a problem. Individuals may in fact see their eating disorder as a badge of self-control. Those with binge-eating disorder may feel too ashamed to seek help. Therapy cannot help those who do not avail themselves of it.

How long does therapy last for eating disorders?

Because of their complexity, recovery from eating disorders is usually a long-term process—measured in months and years— often marked by setbacks and relapse. Some form of help, such as individual or group therapy, may be advisable for much of that time. It is a general rule of thumb that the longer the illness has endured and the dysregulated eating behavior has taken root, the longer treatment is likely to be needed.