Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Janet M Cadiz Guevarra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Janet M Cadiz Guevarra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831  (Online Only)
I believe in meeting you where you are and empowering you to find your own solutions to issues such as depression, anxiety, and identity development. I foster a safe environment to process issues with relationships, grief & loss, and adjustment, through authenticity and congruency. Individuality is acknowledged and honored in our work together through the use of an integrated approach that are best suited to your needs. With experience working in the mental health field since 2004, and degrees from San Francisco State University and University of California, Davis, I am eager to be a part of your journey towards a happier and healthier life.
I believe in meeting you where you are and empowering you to find your own solutions to issues such as depression, anxiety, and identity development. I foster a safe environment to process issues with relationships, grief & loss, and adjustment, through authenticity and congruency. Individuality is acknowledged and honored in our work together through the use of an integrated approach that are best suited to your needs. With experience working in the mental health field since 2004, and degrees from San Francisco State University and University of California, Davis, I am eager to be a part of your journey towards a happier and healthier life.
(916) 621-6124 View (916) 621-6124
Photo of Razalyn Nickola, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Razalyn Nickola
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95833  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with adult clients to improve anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and self-worth. I have a background working with anxiety disorders such as Generalized Anxiety, OCD, Social Anxiety, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobias, as well as Depression, workplace stress, and Adjustment Disorder. I use various therapeutic modalities to support my clients in making positive life changes and improve their wellbeing and quality of life.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with adult clients to improve anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and self-worth. I have a background working with anxiety disorders such as Generalized Anxiety, OCD, Social Anxiety, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobias, as well as Depression, workplace stress, and Adjustment Disorder. I use various therapeutic modalities to support my clients in making positive life changes and improve their wellbeing and quality of life.
(916) 432-4471 View (916) 432-4471
Photo of Graham Sargent, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Graham Sargent
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADCIII, ICADC , IS, SAP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You don't have to stay stuck. Let's get you back on track! Substance abuse robs us of our potential, and creates layers of problems in our lives. It is overwhelming to figure out how, and where to start looking for a solution. Navigating this process is difficult and I am here to help. My goal is to assist you in developing a personalized plan to sustain long-term recovery, on your terms. I want to help you get you to place where you don't need a professional, and are utilizing new tools to build the best foundation for your growth and positive change. There are many paths to recovery, and many ways to start the journey.
You don't have to stay stuck. Let's get you back on track! Substance abuse robs us of our potential, and creates layers of problems in our lives. It is overwhelming to figure out how, and where to start looking for a solution. Navigating this process is difficult and I am here to help. My goal is to assist you in developing a personalized plan to sustain long-term recovery, on your terms. I want to help you get you to place where you don't need a professional, and are utilizing new tools to build the best foundation for your growth and positive change. There are many paths to recovery, and many ways to start the journey.
(833) 436-8727 View (833) 436-8727
Photo of Nicole Barksdale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Nicole Barksdale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825  (Online Only)
I’ve been providing psychotherapy for a wide range of issues and populations for the last 10 years. For the first few years of my clinical career, I worked with children and families both in the office and on school campuses. I would describe my therapeutic approach as goal-oriented and client-centered. Treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion is at the forefront of my practice. My counseling style is a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy among others.
I’ve been providing psychotherapy for a wide range of issues and populations for the last 10 years. For the first few years of my clinical career, I worked with children and families both in the office and on school campuses. I would describe my therapeutic approach as goal-oriented and client-centered. Treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion is at the forefront of my practice. My counseling style is a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy among others.
(657) 837-5881 View (657) 837-5881
Photo of Optimal Neurofeedback in Sacramento, CA
Optimal Neurofeedback
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95815
Are you, or your child, struggling with ADHD, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, Traumatic Brain Injury, PTSD, Autistic, Attachment or Neurodevelopment disorders? Are the symptoms making school, family and/or work life difficult? Or, are you an athlete or business person who excels but wants to perform even better? Perhaps you are spiritual and wanting to improve your meditation or mindfulness practice. Neurofeedback provides you healing, relief and peak performance through its' non-invasive use of neurologically relevant feedback by sound and sight cues to gently inform your brain toward what is naturally best for it.
Are you, or your child, struggling with ADHD, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, Traumatic Brain Injury, PTSD, Autistic, Attachment or Neurodevelopment disorders? Are the symptoms making school, family and/or work life difficult? Or, are you an athlete or business person who excels but wants to perform even better? Perhaps you are spiritual and wanting to improve your meditation or mindfulness practice. Neurofeedback provides you healing, relief and peak performance through its' non-invasive use of neurologically relevant feedback by sound and sight cues to gently inform your brain toward what is naturally best for it.
(916) 668-5906 View (916) 668-5906
Photo of Jozeffa Greer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jozeffa Greer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Nothing is more difficult than relationships. And nothing means more to you. All of us are hard-wired to be in relationship, to care for and be cared for by others. But what do you do when differences lead to never-ending battles because you never get close to the real issues? Or when withdrawal leads to resentments that are never addressed at all. I would like to help you remember your strengths that brought you together in the first place, feel relief as you share what is important to you, and appreciate each other's differences, which may really be a strength.
Nothing is more difficult than relationships. And nothing means more to you. All of us are hard-wired to be in relationship, to care for and be cared for by others. But what do you do when differences lead to never-ending battles because you never get close to the real issues? Or when withdrawal leads to resentments that are never addressed at all. I would like to help you remember your strengths that brought you together in the first place, feel relief as you share what is important to you, and appreciate each other's differences, which may really be a strength.
(916) 736-6300 View (916) 736-6300
Photo of Rene' Reis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rene' Reis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
I have been providing therapy for over 20 years with individuals, couples, families and groups. My areas of interest and specialty are developmental, emotional and physical trauma and/or abuse, sexuality and gender identity and grief. My style is to support while challenging people. My passion and mission statement is to validate: emotions, thoughts and behaviors are normal; what we decide to do with these daily experiences is what allows us to be happy and enjoy life and our relationships.
I have been providing therapy for over 20 years with individuals, couples, families and groups. My areas of interest and specialty are developmental, emotional and physical trauma and/or abuse, sexuality and gender identity and grief. My style is to support while challenging people. My passion and mission statement is to validate: emotions, thoughts and behaviors are normal; what we decide to do with these daily experiences is what allows us to be happy and enjoy life and our relationships.
(916) 571-0566 View (916) 571-0566
Photo of Edmund Perryman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Edmund Perryman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95815  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I aim to create a space within the session to promote self-growth and work to encourage change and healing. I understand stress, trauma, loss, and other challenges can interfere with happiness and natural growth. I am passionate about working with individuals of all cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds.
I aim to create a space within the session to promote self-growth and work to encourage change and healing. I understand stress, trauma, loss, and other challenges can interfere with happiness and natural growth. I am passionate about working with individuals of all cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds.
(916) 571-0967 View (916) 571-0967
Photo of Brilla Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Brilla Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
If you're reading this, you may be struggling with the unique challenges that come with ADHD. You may feel like you're constantly forgetting things, have trouble paying attention, or struggle to stay organized. You may feel like you're not living up to your full potential or that you're constantly falling short of your goals. As a therapist specializing in ADHD, I understand the frustration, overwhelm, and self-doubt that can come with this neurotype. But I also know that with the right support and strategies, individuals with ADHD can lead fulfilling, successful lives.
If you're reading this, you may be struggling with the unique challenges that come with ADHD. You may feel like you're constantly forgetting things, have trouble paying attention, or struggle to stay organized. You may feel like you're not living up to your full potential or that you're constantly falling short of your goals. As a therapist specializing in ADHD, I understand the frustration, overwhelm, and self-doubt that can come with this neurotype. But I also know that with the right support and strategies, individuals with ADHD can lead fulfilling, successful lives.
(628) 200-3877 View (628) 200-3877
Photo of Heather Marie Colquhoun, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Heather Marie Colquhoun
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811  (Online Only)
During times of life changes, trauma, grief, and loss it is easy to forget about your inherent strengths and resilience when you are struggling to function in your daily activities and create inner peace. Your experiences may feel like they are piling up against you, you may feel unbalanced, and may be are struggling to find a way to maintain safety and security for yourself. During times of need, you may forget how to navigate through life's challenges and take care of yourself. I work with individuals who are trying to create stability and wellness in all areas of their lives with a supportive guide by their side.
During times of life changes, trauma, grief, and loss it is easy to forget about your inherent strengths and resilience when you are struggling to function in your daily activities and create inner peace. Your experiences may feel like they are piling up against you, you may feel unbalanced, and may be are struggling to find a way to maintain safety and security for yourself. During times of need, you may forget how to navigate through life's challenges and take care of yourself. I work with individuals who are trying to create stability and wellness in all areas of their lives with a supportive guide by their side.
(916) 237-1932 View (916) 237-1932
Photo of (Evening Availability) {Terrica Monroe}, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
(Evening Availability) {Terrica Monroe}
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC, RADT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Regardless of why you are struggling (stress, depression), I’m so glad you are reaching out for support. In my practice, I blend a warm, compassionate and respectful approach with solid science and practical experience. I work with trauma, dual diagnosis (mental health and addictions). I use a variety of modalities & orientations such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused, and Trauma Focused Therapy (SFT). Therapy is a process of strengthening your connection to yourself while building new skills and awareness. Therapy should be customized based on your needs, learning style, cultural consideration, and goals.
Regardless of why you are struggling (stress, depression), I’m so glad you are reaching out for support. In my practice, I blend a warm, compassionate and respectful approach with solid science and practical experience. I work with trauma, dual diagnosis (mental health and addictions). I use a variety of modalities & orientations such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused, and Trauma Focused Therapy (SFT). Therapy is a process of strengthening your connection to yourself while building new skills and awareness. Therapy should be customized based on your needs, learning style, cultural consideration, and goals.
(916) 584-9182 View (916) 584-9182
Photo of Steve Kempster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Steve Kempster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Do you feel that something is holding you back? That your best Self awaits? When life presents challenges we can get stuck in emotional ruts and self-defeating thought patterns. Though we put our best foot forward, our relationships can falter, work feels insurmountable, or anxiety becomes overwhelming. You do not need to take this on alone. I will support you to grow into the version of yourself that has the capacity to understand what's holding you back, work through those barriers. We will find ways to be generative and psychologically flexible to give you the confidence to adventure on your path.
Do you feel that something is holding you back? That your best Self awaits? When life presents challenges we can get stuck in emotional ruts and self-defeating thought patterns. Though we put our best foot forward, our relationships can falter, work feels insurmountable, or anxiety becomes overwhelming. You do not need to take this on alone. I will support you to grow into the version of yourself that has the capacity to understand what's holding you back, work through those barriers. We will find ways to be generative and psychologically flexible to give you the confidence to adventure on your path.
(916) 584-9165 View (916) 584-9165
Photo of Khayre Bryant King, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Khayre Bryant King
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95834
With this nonstop world effecting each person differently, I enjoy working with others where they are in their lives and where they want to be. It is my honor to work and support people in their journey on finding who they are, where they want to be, making sense what is going on, and getting back to their values that supports their internal and external world. I adroitly work with adolescences and adults to effectively manager symptoms of addiction, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and impulsivity actions.
With this nonstop world effecting each person differently, I enjoy working with others where they are in their lives and where they want to be. It is my honor to work and support people in their journey on finding who they are, where they want to be, making sense what is going on, and getting back to their values that supports their internal and external world. I adroitly work with adolescences and adults to effectively manager symptoms of addiction, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and impulsivity actions.
(530) 290-6948 View (530) 290-6948
Photo of Elisa Louizos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Elisa Louizos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
I imagine you're here because you feel like something needs to change. It's reassuring to know it's never too late to ignite curiosity about what's happening, develop closer, healthier family connections, and learn to assert yourself more successfully as a parent. It takes courage to let go of what's limiting you to make room for a happier life. I can support you and your child(ren) through this process by identifying, understanding, and reworking ineffective patterns and building new skills to reduce conflict and create a better life for your family.
I imagine you're here because you feel like something needs to change. It's reassuring to know it's never too late to ignite curiosity about what's happening, develop closer, healthier family connections, and learn to assert yourself more successfully as a parent. It takes courage to let go of what's limiting you to make room for a happier life. I can support you and your child(ren) through this process by identifying, understanding, and reworking ineffective patterns and building new skills to reduce conflict and create a better life for your family.
(916) 884-6156 View (916) 884-6156
Photo of Veronica Kennedy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Veronica Kennedy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMT-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95819
**ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDER CLIENTS** You must be tired of feeling anxious and/or depressed. You are ready to make changes to have the life you deserve. You are ready to find your voice by learning techniques and tools to feel safe. You are ready to put in the work to help release the anxiety, depression, and heaviness of life. YOU ARE READY TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF YOURSELF!
**ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDER CLIENTS** You must be tired of feeling anxious and/or depressed. You are ready to make changes to have the life you deserve. You are ready to find your voice by learning techniques and tools to feel safe. You are ready to put in the work to help release the anxiety, depression, and heaviness of life. YOU ARE READY TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF YOURSELF!
(951) 355-2605 View (951) 355-2605
Photo of Kevin Cameron, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kevin Cameron
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, CPTT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Clients tend to thrive in therapy when there is a drive to change and improve their quality of life. Whether it be on an athletic field, the office, or in their relationship, those who are ready with an open mind and looking to address the things holding them back will always come out on top.
Clients tend to thrive in therapy when there is a drive to change and improve their quality of life. Whether it be on an athletic field, the office, or in their relationship, those who are ready with an open mind and looking to address the things holding them back will always come out on top.
(916) 252-5940 View (916) 252-5940
Photo of Aaron Ferris Logan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Aaron Ferris Logan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95834
My focus is on strength based solution focused therapy. In your, first session, w'll explore what brought you to therapy and afterwords decide the appropriate course to address our direction. As a social worker my focus will be problem solving and reality testing.
My focus is on strength based solution focused therapy. In your, first session, w'll explore what brought you to therapy and afterwords decide the appropriate course to address our direction. As a social worker my focus will be problem solving and reality testing.
(530) 212-7475 View (530) 212-7475
Photo of Innate Guidance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Innate Guidance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
(916) 621-6028 View (916) 621-6028
Photo of Linda S Barnard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Linda S Barnard
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95813  (Online Only)
I have been in practice for over 25 years and bring a blend of specialized training and personal experience. I also believe humor is an important aspect of treatment and recovery. I have thousands of hours of training in trauma-related treatment (PTSD, rape trauma, domestic violence) and anxiety disorders. I believe each person is unique so their treatment should be unique. It is a collaborative effort between the clients and me to help clients achieve their goals.
I have been in practice for over 25 years and bring a blend of specialized training and personal experience. I also believe humor is an important aspect of treatment and recovery. I have thousands of hours of training in trauma-related treatment (PTSD, rape trauma, domestic violence) and anxiety disorders. I believe each person is unique so their treatment should be unique. It is a collaborative effort between the clients and me to help clients achieve their goals.
(916) 520-6496 View (916) 520-6496
Photo of Catriona Macrae, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Catriona Macrae
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
(530) 322-8883 View (530) 322-8883

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.