Therapists in Salem, OR

Photo of Debbie Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Debbie Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
I work with children and adults experiencing worry, anxiety, grief, depression, shame, low self-esteem, and other stressors, challenges, or changes in life. We are not meant to deal with the difficulties of life alone. Therapy provides a place to feel heard and understood. It can offer a fresh perspective and help you find solutions. I believe that when a person feels safe, accepted, and emotionally supported that healing can begin. My style is warm, gentle, encouraging, and collaborative. I focus on connecting with you, exploring your story, and identifying strengths and opportunities.
I work with children and adults experiencing worry, anxiety, grief, depression, shame, low self-esteem, and other stressors, challenges, or changes in life. We are not meant to deal with the difficulties of life alone. Therapy provides a place to feel heard and understood. It can offer a fresh perspective and help you find solutions. I believe that when a person feels safe, accepted, and emotionally supported that healing can begin. My style is warm, gentle, encouraging, and collaborative. I focus on connecting with you, exploring your story, and identifying strengths and opportunities.
(971) 220-5232 View (971) 220-5232
Photo of Neesha Roarke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Neesha Roarke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Youth, families, and young adults facing challenges such as communication breakdowns, behavioral concerns, anxiety, and trauma-related difficulties are looking for a safe space to express themselves, learn coping skills, improve relationships, and develop healthier patterns of interaction. I want to help clients foster resilience, enhance emotional regulations, strengthen bonds, and promote overall well-being.
Youth, families, and young adults facing challenges such as communication breakdowns, behavioral concerns, anxiety, and trauma-related difficulties are looking for a safe space to express themselves, learn coping skills, improve relationships, and develop healthier patterns of interaction. I want to help clients foster resilience, enhance emotional regulations, strengthen bonds, and promote overall well-being.
(971) 999-3266 View (971) 999-3266
Photo of Fidelity Family Therapy & Consulting, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Fidelity Family Therapy & Consulting
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS , LMFT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I believe that at the root of many of our struggles is a deep desire to be listened to. My therapeutic work is based on the idea that people by nature are relational beings with physical, spiritual, emotional, and social components, and that the exploration and integration of these aspects can be life changing and enhancing.
I believe that at the root of many of our struggles is a deep desire to be listened to. My therapeutic work is based on the idea that people by nature are relational beings with physical, spiritual, emotional, and social components, and that the exploration and integration of these aspects can be life changing and enhancing.
(503) 406-3177 View (503) 406-3177
Photo of Mindful Journey Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Mindful Journey Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I believe you are the expert in your own life and my role is to help facilitate the changes you want to make. I provide a safe space for clients to explore past trauma, share vulnerable emotional experiences, and identify barriers to their success. I am passionate about the work I do to help individuals create the lives they desire. I specialize in strengthening relationships, which includes the one you have with yourself. Therapy will increase your awareness of individual and relational components that impact your life. Therapy can be a rewarding experience for those who commit to the process.
I believe you are the expert in your own life and my role is to help facilitate the changes you want to make. I provide a safe space for clients to explore past trauma, share vulnerable emotional experiences, and identify barriers to their success. I am passionate about the work I do to help individuals create the lives they desire. I specialize in strengthening relationships, which includes the one you have with yourself. Therapy will increase your awareness of individual and relational components that impact your life. Therapy can be a rewarding experience for those who commit to the process.
(503) 212-6131 View (503) 212-6131
Photo of Mark Redmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Mark Redmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Mark Redmond is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 30 years of experience providing outpatient therapy to individuals and couples. Mark specializes in relationship stress and communication issues, grief and loss, anxiety and depression, issues from childhood, and adjusting to life changes in general. Mark completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Tulane University.
Mark Redmond is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 30 years of experience providing outpatient therapy to individuals and couples. Mark specializes in relationship stress and communication issues, grief and loss, anxiety and depression, issues from childhood, and adjusting to life changes in general. Mark completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Tulane University.
(503) 832-4886 View (503) 832-4886
Photo of Inter-Cultural Center for Psychology, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Inter-Cultural Center for Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302
We are a practice group of licensed psychologists that provide mental health services in English, Russian, and Ukrainian. We provide individual, couple, family, and group therapy, for ages 4 years old and up.
We are a practice group of licensed psychologists that provide mental health services in English, Russian, and Ukrainian. We provide individual, couple, family, and group therapy, for ages 4 years old and up.
(503) 877-1329 View (503) 877-1329
Photo of Michael Zavala, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Michael Zavala
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97306  (Online Only)
It is hard enough to ask for help when you know what is not working for you in life. It becomes increasingly more difficult when there is only pain and the source is unknown. I focus on helping you reach your therapeutic goals by listening and building our therapeutic relationship; and strive to create a safe environment for you to explore the source of your struggle and pain without judgment. I do this through a lens called Restoration Therapy by understanding the current pain cycle and helping you to establish a peace cycle.
It is hard enough to ask for help when you know what is not working for you in life. It becomes increasingly more difficult when there is only pain and the source is unknown. I focus on helping you reach your therapeutic goals by listening and building our therapeutic relationship; and strive to create a safe environment for you to explore the source of your struggle and pain without judgment. I do this through a lens called Restoration Therapy by understanding the current pain cycle and helping you to establish a peace cycle.
(503) 461-1005 View (503) 461-1005
Photo of Genevieve Strange, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Genevieve Strange
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
The damn is ready to break - the tears are right behind your eyes! What happens if it breaks? You don’t know that you can put it back together let alone rebuild it completely. Nobody understands how hard it is to keep going. Life has just been so hard since it happened. The bad dreams only make it worse, you can’t remember the last time you got a good night's sleep. The constant anxiety and feeling on edge is just a cruel bonus. You’re afraid, embarrassed and stressed. Somehow, you pull yourself together...again. But every time you do you feel even more crushed and drained. As if you, the real you, is eroding.
The damn is ready to break - the tears are right behind your eyes! What happens if it breaks? You don’t know that you can put it back together let alone rebuild it completely. Nobody understands how hard it is to keep going. Life has just been so hard since it happened. The bad dreams only make it worse, you can’t remember the last time you got a good night's sleep. The constant anxiety and feeling on edge is just a cruel bonus. You’re afraid, embarrassed and stressed. Somehow, you pull yourself together...again. But every time you do you feel even more crushed and drained. As if you, the real you, is eroding.
(503) 461-7155 View (503) 461-7155
Photo of Jack Montana Lander, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Jack Montana Lander
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Do you or your child need a help? Are you going through a difficult time? Or are you concerned for you or your child's mental health? Seeking help can be difficult and frustrating for both you and your loved ones. I believe that youth and young adults need counselors who truly care about them. In my experience with this demographic I have come to learn how important it is for them to have a safe place where they can open up and express themselves without shame or judgement. I want to help you and your loved ones find freedom and safety and I believe that counseling is a wonderful way to do that.
Do you or your child need a help? Are you going through a difficult time? Or are you concerned for you or your child's mental health? Seeking help can be difficult and frustrating for both you and your loved ones. I believe that youth and young adults need counselors who truly care about them. In my experience with this demographic I have come to learn how important it is for them to have a safe place where they can open up and express themselves without shame or judgement. I want to help you and your loved ones find freedom and safety and I believe that counseling is a wonderful way to do that.
(971) 273-1658 View (971) 273-1658
Photo of Melissa Smeester, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Melissa Smeester
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Hello! my name is Melissa and I would be honored to listen and engage with you in your story. Regardless of what you are going through, I believe that there is healing in having the support of another along the journey. Life is full of challenges, leaving you feeling burnt out, overwhelmed, anxious, or grieving loss. Therapy can be a daunting journey to embark on, but I hope that my office can become a safe and comforting space, where we can work together as you learn new boundaries and coping skills, heal current and past wounds, and become more confident and grounded in who you are.
Hello! my name is Melissa and I would be honored to listen and engage with you in your story. Regardless of what you are going through, I believe that there is healing in having the support of another along the journey. Life is full of challenges, leaving you feeling burnt out, overwhelmed, anxious, or grieving loss. Therapy can be a daunting journey to embark on, but I hope that my office can become a safe and comforting space, where we can work together as you learn new boundaries and coping skills, heal current and past wounds, and become more confident and grounded in who you are.
(503) 966-5975 View (503) 966-5975
Photo of Glenda K Evans, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Glenda K Evans
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97306
Now Taking New Clients. Don't let trauma or painful thoughts and beliefs hold you back! I believe that everyone is capable of healing and discovering joy in life. I often work with individuals who have tried therapy before and are searching for more complete ability to live and love freely. I work from a personalized, heart centered stance incorporating parts work and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a soulful path to healing and self knowledge. I believe the more you know yourself, the more power you wield to compassionately reach potentials.
Now Taking New Clients. Don't let trauma or painful thoughts and beliefs hold you back! I believe that everyone is capable of healing and discovering joy in life. I often work with individuals who have tried therapy before and are searching for more complete ability to live and love freely. I work from a personalized, heart centered stance incorporating parts work and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a soulful path to healing and self knowledge. I believe the more you know yourself, the more power you wield to compassionately reach potentials.
(503) 295-9746 View (503) 295-9746
Photo of Molly Mayes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Molly Mayes
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97317  (Online Only)
Hi! I’m Molly and I’m so excited you found your way here. Taking the first step can be intimidating, and you’ve already made it this far. Let me tell you a little about myself. I was born and raised in Texas but am recently a South Carolina transplant. I am a neurodiversity affirming therapist, licensed in both Texas and South Carolina. I love finding new adventures and trying different things every day…which influenced my desire to become an assessor for Autism and ADHD. I get to meet and talk with new people all the time and be a part of their journey! I’d love to be a part of yours too.
Hi! I’m Molly and I’m so excited you found your way here. Taking the first step can be intimidating, and you’ve already made it this far. Let me tell you a little about myself. I was born and raised in Texas but am recently a South Carolina transplant. I am a neurodiversity affirming therapist, licensed in both Texas and South Carolina. I love finding new adventures and trying different things every day…which influenced my desire to become an assessor for Autism and ADHD. I get to meet and talk with new people all the time and be a part of their journey! I’d love to be a part of yours too.
(503) 868-2477 View (503) 868-2477
Photo of Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Salem, OR
Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
(503) 438-4354 View (503) 438-4354
Photo of Laura Z Weldon in Salem, OR
Laura Z Weldon
ND, MS
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97317  (Online Only)
Laura Z Weldon (she/they) is an autistic naturopathic physician who loves supporting others in their exploration of how they think, feel, sense, and connect. In her work, she advocates for a neurodiversity paradigm shift across both medicine and society, researches the pathophysiology and treatment of autistic burnout, and particularly enjoys working with clients on the intersection of neurodivergence and chronic physical and/or mental health conditions. Laura is interested in exploring the relationship between disability and wellness as she deeply believes it is possible to be autistic, disabled, and well.
Laura Z Weldon (she/they) is an autistic naturopathic physician who loves supporting others in their exploration of how they think, feel, sense, and connect. In her work, she advocates for a neurodiversity paradigm shift across both medicine and society, researches the pathophysiology and treatment of autistic burnout, and particularly enjoys working with clients on the intersection of neurodivergence and chronic physical and/or mental health conditions. Laura is interested in exploring the relationship between disability and wellness as she deeply believes it is possible to be autistic, disabled, and well.
(503) 470-2431 View (503) 470-2431
Photo of Garnet Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Garnet Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
QUEER CENTERED/JUSTICE FOCUSED/NON-TRADITIONAL VIRTUAL COUNSELING FOR CLIENTS ACROSS OREGON. AREAS OF CLINICAL FOCUS: LGBTQ+ populations, death, grief, existential meaning, empowerment, suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, trauma. I believe the people who end up seeking my services live life outside of the boxes that were handed to them. Sometimes that can be a really tough path! It can also be incredibly rewarding to truly discover and learn to love your authentic self. You are good enough just the way you are!
QUEER CENTERED/JUSTICE FOCUSED/NON-TRADITIONAL VIRTUAL COUNSELING FOR CLIENTS ACROSS OREGON. AREAS OF CLINICAL FOCUS: LGBTQ+ populations, death, grief, existential meaning, empowerment, suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, trauma. I believe the people who end up seeking my services live life outside of the boxes that were handed to them. Sometimes that can be a really tough path! It can also be incredibly rewarding to truly discover and learn to love your authentic self. You are good enough just the way you are!
(503) 447-4763 View (503) 447-4763
Photo of Alisha Wenger, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Alisha Wenger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302
Accepting therapy and evaluation clients. 12+ for therapy, 7+ years of age for testing, currently providing ADHD, learning disorder, and autism evals. I am glad you are here! My name is Dr. Alisha Wenger and I believe every person is both unique and also part of a larger system. I take a collaborative approach to therapy and feel honored to walk alongside clients on their journey in life. I strive to provide a safe and open space for clients to feel heard and grow. I have worked in a variety of settings throughout my training and career.
Accepting therapy and evaluation clients. 12+ for therapy, 7+ years of age for testing, currently providing ADHD, learning disorder, and autism evals. I am glad you are here! My name is Dr. Alisha Wenger and I believe every person is both unique and also part of a larger system. I take a collaborative approach to therapy and feel honored to walk alongside clients on their journey in life. I strive to provide a safe and open space for clients to feel heard and grow. I have worked in a variety of settings throughout my training and career.
(503) 213-9084 View (503) 213-9084
Photo of Natalie (Nat) Day, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Natalie (Nat) Day
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Natalie (Nat) Day is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and graduated from Boise State University with a Masters in Social Work in 2018. Over the last decade she has worked in a variety of settings including residential treatment, on-campus college counseling, substance abuse treatment, inpatient psychiatric care, and community mental health. Specializing in the treatment of trauma, addictions, and sexuality (with special focus on kink/BDSM/sex work), her approach to therapy is eclectic, drawing on a variety of evidenced based practices.
Natalie (Nat) Day is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and graduated from Boise State University with a Masters in Social Work in 2018. Over the last decade she has worked in a variety of settings including residential treatment, on-campus college counseling, substance abuse treatment, inpatient psychiatric care, and community mental health. Specializing in the treatment of trauma, addictions, and sexuality (with special focus on kink/BDSM/sex work), her approach to therapy is eclectic, drawing on a variety of evidenced based practices.
(801) 448-0771 x2 View (801) 448-0771 x2
Photo of Aj Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Aj Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
I believe that every person, regardless of diagnosis or past experiences, can lead purposeful and fulfilling lives with the proper support. We do the best with what we have, and too often life presents significant challenges we are forced to adapt to. Sometimes the patterns that were helpful to get through our childhood present major challenges later in life. Our symptoms do not make us abnormal and are not part of a fundamental flaw that needs fixing, they are a normal response to extraordinary circumstances. Problems do not exist within one person but are the result of a person’s context, family patterns, and learned behaviors.
I believe that every person, regardless of diagnosis or past experiences, can lead purposeful and fulfilling lives with the proper support. We do the best with what we have, and too often life presents significant challenges we are forced to adapt to. Sometimes the patterns that were helpful to get through our childhood present major challenges later in life. Our symptoms do not make us abnormal and are not part of a fundamental flaw that needs fixing, they are a normal response to extraordinary circumstances. Problems do not exist within one person but are the result of a person’s context, family patterns, and learned behaviors.
(971) 599-2814 View (971) 599-2814
Photo of Steve Henderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Steve Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302  (Online Only)
I primarily work with young adults on an individual basis and have experience with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, severe and persistent mental illness, self-esteem, interpersonal issues, trauma, identity issues, spiritual and existential concerns, life transition, and other emotional wellness concerns. I am currently only providing services via telehealth / secure online video chat. For Oregon clients, at this time I am only accepting Moda insurance or private pay.
I primarily work with young adults on an individual basis and have experience with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, severe and persistent mental illness, self-esteem, interpersonal issues, trauma, identity issues, spiritual and existential concerns, life transition, and other emotional wellness concerns. I am currently only providing services via telehealth / secure online video chat. For Oregon clients, at this time I am only accepting Moda insurance or private pay.
(503) 461-7997 View (503) 461-7997
Photo of Maribeth Kallemeyn, PhD, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Maribeth Kallemeyn, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
My psychotherapy approach values you as a whole person, in depth. I relate to each individual as a person rather than a label, and so each person's therapy experience is unique. Those who come to me for therapy bring a wide range of concerns, aims and hopes. I work with people struggling, for example, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, life transitions, spiritual concerns, work concerns, physical illness/pain, search for meaning and purpose, and creativity concerns. I see the difficulties and suffering an individual brings to therapy as an entry point toward healing and growth.
My psychotherapy approach values you as a whole person, in depth. I relate to each individual as a person rather than a label, and so each person's therapy experience is unique. Those who come to me for therapy bring a wide range of concerns, aims and hopes. I work with people struggling, for example, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, life transitions, spiritual concerns, work concerns, physical illness/pain, search for meaning and purpose, and creativity concerns. I see the difficulties and suffering an individual brings to therapy as an entry point toward healing and growth.
(971) 803-3872 View (971) 803-3872

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salem, OR

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Salem, OR who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
70% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% PacificSource
50% Providence
47% Aetna

How Therapists in Salem, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.