Photo of Dr. Rebecca Lynn Gonzalez, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Dr. Rebecca Lynn Gonzalez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating trauma concerns, including PTSD, complicated grief, and relationship concerns.
Are you ready to unpack and understand how painful past experiences might be impacting your life? Do you want to decrease suffering and feel more balanced? You’re not alone. Creating awareness of how distressing past experiences show up in your life will empower you to break the cycle and create a more fulfilling life. I aim to help you improve your overall quality of life and feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Together, we will approach your past with curiosity and compassion.
I specialize in treating trauma concerns, including PTSD, complicated grief, and relationship concerns.
Are you ready to unpack and understand how painful past experiences might be impacting your life? Do you want to decrease suffering and feel more balanced? You’re not alone. Creating awareness of how distressing past experiences show up in your life will empower you to break the cycle and create a more fulfilling life. I aim to help you improve your overall quality of life and feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Together, we will approach your past with curiosity and compassion.
(408) 345-5006 View (408) 345-5006
Photo of Janet (Buchalter) Stashak, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Janet (Buchalter) Stashak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95119
I specialize in treating adults who have experienced trauma, sexual, physical, and life issues which themselves can be traumatic.
There are times in life when people go round and round, and wonder if that is all life has to give...if you feel that the behavior, thoughts, and feelings of yourself or others are not working, then reaching a hand out to an expert who can look for alternatives makes sense.
I specialize in treating adults who have experienced trauma, sexual, physical, and life issues which themselves can be traumatic.
There are times in life when people go round and round, and wonder if that is all life has to give...if you feel that the behavior, thoughts, and feelings of yourself or others are not working, then reaching a hand out to an expert who can look for alternatives makes sense.
(408) 386-6225 View (408) 386-6225
Photo of Silvi Integrative Health , Psychological Associate in San Jose, CA
Silvi Integrative Health
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95101  (Online Only)
Frustrated with traditional therapy not working? Have you spent years in therapy with minimal improvement? At Silvi Integrative Health we believe that thriving occurs by treating the whole person. We offer trauma focused integrative psychotherapy that includes the body, mind, spirit, and community of every individual we have the opportunity to help. With this approach, we find that many of our client see results in a shorter period and have breakthroughs in goals that they were not able to achieve before. We are a compassionate team of therapists that want to see you thrive.
Frustrated with traditional therapy not working? Have you spent years in therapy with minimal improvement? At Silvi Integrative Health we believe that thriving occurs by treating the whole person. We offer trauma focused integrative psychotherapy that includes the body, mind, spirit, and community of every individual we have the opportunity to help. With this approach, we find that many of our client see results in a shorter period and have breakthroughs in goals that they were not able to achieve before. We are a compassionate team of therapists that want to see you thrive.
(831) 531-9140 View (831) 531-9140
Photo of Rebecca Yeretzian-Santana, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Rebecca Yeretzian-Santana
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95102  (Online Only)
Whether you're processing trauma, acute or chronic illness, or end-of life, I'm here for you.
What is this all for, anyway? Navigating the challenges of life and death can be inevitable and isolating, often accompanied by a whirlwind of feelings that may seem impossible to understand. I provide a safe and supportive space for finding moments of peace amidst the turbulence of the unique emotional complexities you're facing. Together, we will find the right approach that will lead you to meaning, empowerment, and resilience in the face of your profound human experience.
Whether you're processing trauma, acute or chronic illness, or end-of life, I'm here for you.
What is this all for, anyway? Navigating the challenges of life and death can be inevitable and isolating, often accompanied by a whirlwind of feelings that may seem impossible to understand. I provide a safe and supportive space for finding moments of peace amidst the turbulence of the unique emotional complexities you're facing. Together, we will find the right approach that will lead you to meaning, empowerment, and resilience in the face of your profound human experience.
(747) 281-4027 View (747) 281-4027
Photo of Amy Volweider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Amy Volweider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95112  (Online Only)
My specialties include treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress-management.
Sometimes you need a perspective outside of your own circle to help you recognize the patterns holding you back. Most people are doing the best they can with what they’ve got but we all need a little push at times to get where we need to go. I’m here to give you that push. As our lives continue to unfold during these challenging times I’m available to provide you with a collaborative and judgment-free zone that sets aside the time and space you need to be able to heal and grow. I’m a warm, spirited, and patient therapist whose goal is to enable people to find more balance and joy in their lives.
My specialties include treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress-management.
Sometimes you need a perspective outside of your own circle to help you recognize the patterns holding you back. Most people are doing the best they can with what they’ve got but we all need a little push at times to get where we need to go. I’m here to give you that push. As our lives continue to unfold during these challenging times I’m available to provide you with a collaborative and judgment-free zone that sets aside the time and space you need to be able to heal and grow. I’m a warm, spirited, and patient therapist whose goal is to enable people to find more balance and joy in their lives.
(747) 281-4373 View (747) 281-4373
Photo of Lisa Thanh Thu Gleason, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Lisa Thanh Thu Gleason
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
I have over 15 years of therapy experience, specializing in a variety of expertise including but not limited to: trauma, relationship issues, crisis interventions, anxiety, depression, coping mechanisms and many more.
Life can be difficult when we face unexpected circumstances and challenges. Help is available and change IS possible. I believe in a compassionate, genuine and traditional therapy approach - collaborating with you, meeting you where you are at and being a pro-active and supportive companion on your journey to success. By partnering with you, I treat you wholly - not only focusing just on the symptoms - and help you set and achieve all your goals. Together, each session’s intention is to create meaningful progress and change that is inline with your ultimate goal. We can do this in either Vietnamese and/or English.
I have over 15 years of therapy experience, specializing in a variety of expertise including but not limited to: trauma, relationship issues, crisis interventions, anxiety, depression, coping mechanisms and many more.
Life can be difficult when we face unexpected circumstances and challenges. Help is available and change IS possible. I believe in a compassionate, genuine and traditional therapy approach - collaborating with you, meeting you where you are at and being a pro-active and supportive companion on your journey to success. By partnering with you, I treat you wholly - not only focusing just on the symptoms - and help you set and achieve all your goals. Together, each session’s intention is to create meaningful progress and change that is inline with your ultimate goal. We can do this in either Vietnamese and/or English.
(408) 688-9165 View (408) 688-9165
Photo of Jennifer Gigena, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Jennifer Gigena
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95116
My name is Jennifer Gigena. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, my focus is to foster an environment for individuals who are encountering challenges with various issues. My areas of focus include life transitions, complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, grief, and relationship conflict. Our work together will be built on a solid foundation of trust, compassion, and respect. Harnessing the fear of what lies ahead with the curiosity that has brought you here today will guide us toward ending painful patterns, extinguishing thoughts of self-doubt, and creating the life that you want.
My name is Jennifer Gigena. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, my focus is to foster an environment for individuals who are encountering challenges with various issues. My areas of focus include life transitions, complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, grief, and relationship conflict. Our work together will be built on a solid foundation of trust, compassion, and respect. Harnessing the fear of what lies ahead with the curiosity that has brought you here today will guide us toward ending painful patterns, extinguishing thoughts of self-doubt, and creating the life that you want.
(805) 977-5514 View (805) 977-5514
Photo of Michelle Medeiros, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Michelle Medeiros
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95110
I have training in providing psychological treatments for those coping with adjustment difficulties, life stress or transitions, relationship struggles, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, adjustment to injury, cognition difficulties, and career and leadership development.
I provide a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment that allows my clients the opportunity to express themselves and feel understood. I use a variety of well-researched approaches and treatments that can help address their concerns. I am committed to my clients' goals on what they want to accomplish, and I work hard towards helping them build on their strengths and resiliency. I truly enjoy helping people continue to grow and advance in life, while embracing the unique qualities that make them who they are.
I have training in providing psychological treatments for those coping with adjustment difficulties, life stress or transitions, relationship struggles, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, adjustment to injury, cognition difficulties, and career and leadership development.
I provide a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment that allows my clients the opportunity to express themselves and feel understood. I use a variety of well-researched approaches and treatments that can help address their concerns. I am committed to my clients' goals on what they want to accomplish, and I work hard towards helping them build on their strengths and resiliency. I truly enjoy helping people continue to grow and advance in life, while embracing the unique qualities that make them who they are.
(408) 752-5121 View (408) 752-5121
Photo of Simon Chan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Simon Chan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95101
Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, traumatic brain injury, or porn and sex addiction, I’m honored to support you.
Dealing with life’s challenges sometimes feels like being trapped in quicksand—the harder you fight to get out of it, the deeper you sink. Exhausting, right? When stress, hopelessness, painful incidents, or risky habits prevail, enjoying the present becomes quite difficult. Your past wounds and current hardship may take over, clouding the road to your future. You crave clarity, meaning, and validation. You want to get out of this rut to find fulfillment and happiness but are unsure how. The good news is: you can figure it out, understand yourself better, and reach your dream goals— and I’m here to guide you on that path.
Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, traumatic brain injury, or porn and sex addiction, I’m honored to support you.
Dealing with life’s challenges sometimes feels like being trapped in quicksand—the harder you fight to get out of it, the deeper you sink. Exhausting, right? When stress, hopelessness, painful incidents, or risky habits prevail, enjoying the present becomes quite difficult. Your past wounds and current hardship may take over, clouding the road to your future. You crave clarity, meaning, and validation. You want to get out of this rut to find fulfillment and happiness but are unsure how. The good news is: you can figure it out, understand yourself better, and reach your dream goals— and I’m here to guide you on that path.
(949) 749-5477 View (949) 749-5477
Photo of Inhwa Byun, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Jose, CA
Inhwa Byun
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110
Are you feeling alone and stuck in the same place? Believe you aren't good enough? Experiencing relationship difficulties? If you’re tired of dealing with your issues on your own, I’m here to work with you and to help you move forward. Exploring your issues by yourself can be overwhelming. By working together, I aim to provide a warm and safe environment to better aid your process of self-discovery and learning. Through collaborative and compassionate therapy sessions, I would like to help you find the power of self-healing, self-resilience and solid calmness will gradually improve your well-being.
Are you feeling alone and stuck in the same place? Believe you aren't good enough? Experiencing relationship difficulties? If you’re tired of dealing with your issues on your own, I’m here to work with you and to help you move forward. Exploring your issues by yourself can be overwhelming. By working together, I aim to provide a warm and safe environment to better aid your process of self-discovery and learning. Through collaborative and compassionate therapy sessions, I would like to help you find the power of self-healing, self-resilience and solid calmness will gradually improve your well-being.
(408) 668-0583 View (408) 668-0583
Photo of Headway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Headway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95113  (Online Only)
I would like to acknowledge and welcome you for taking a bold first step toward your wellness and recovery journey. My goal is the prevention and reduction of risk factors for emotional and behavioral problems and the promotion of metal health wellness. Utilizing evidence-based practices, I will work with you to help you learn to manage your difficult emotions and develop tools that work for you. I believe once something becomes shareable, it becomes more bearable.
I would like to acknowledge and welcome you for taking a bold first step toward your wellness and recovery journey. My goal is the prevention and reduction of risk factors for emotional and behavioral problems and the promotion of metal health wellness. Utilizing evidence-based practices, I will work with you to help you learn to manage your difficult emotions and develop tools that work for you. I believe once something becomes shareable, it becomes more bearable.
(650) 844-1053 View (650) 844-1053
Photo of Mary Karver, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Mary Karver
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
Therapy is an amazing placebo. You do not NEED a therapist to learn, transform, and grow your awareness of yourself. I firmly believe whatever it is you are seeking to learn, change, or make peace with, you can do it. The benefit of working with a trained therapist who sees you, gives your sense of agency and innate wisdom the respect it deserves, and offers an outside perspective on your experience informed by evidenced-based theory and practice, is that the pace of growth is greatly accelerated.
Therapy is an amazing placebo. You do not NEED a therapist to learn, transform, and grow your awareness of yourself. I firmly believe whatever it is you are seeking to learn, change, or make peace with, you can do it. The benefit of working with a trained therapist who sees you, gives your sense of agency and innate wisdom the respect it deserves, and offers an outside perspective on your experience informed by evidenced-based theory and practice, is that the pace of growth is greatly accelerated.
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Photo of Lesa M Pascali, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Lesa M Pascali
Marriage & Family Therapist, Lesa Pascali, MFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m Lesa Pascali and I am committed to connecting with individuals, couples and families through individualized therapy and to helping them to discover/rediscover the harmony, meaning and wellness within their lives. After 23 years in law enforcement and 18 years doing therapy, I have dealt with a variety of situations. I’ve worked with individuals, couples and families, veterans, ex-offenders, children, teens and neurologically imbalanced individuals. I use a variety of therapies including RLT therapy, CBT & Solution Focused therapy and am a Certified Relational Life couples therapist.
Welcome! I’m Lesa Pascali and I am committed to connecting with individuals, couples and families through individualized therapy and to helping them to discover/rediscover the harmony, meaning and wellness within their lives. After 23 years in law enforcement and 18 years doing therapy, I have dealt with a variety of situations. I’ve worked with individuals, couples and families, veterans, ex-offenders, children, teens and neurologically imbalanced individuals. I use a variety of therapies including RLT therapy, CBT & Solution Focused therapy and am a Certified Relational Life couples therapist.
(408) 715-3046 View (408) 715-3046
Photo of Irene Schell Capuchino, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Irene Schell Capuchino
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95129  (Online Only)
My approach to counseling begins with careful listening to understand your unique situation and personal goals. I will listen without judging you or rushing to a quick fix that might not be applicable for your specific situation. Many of my clients enter counseling feeling alone or overwhelmed by feelings of sadness, anxiety, anger, or stress. They may feel stuck in painful relationships that aren't working, or stuck with intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, dread, or inner pain. My treatment approach is gentle, educational, and experiential.
My approach to counseling begins with careful listening to understand your unique situation and personal goals. I will listen without judging you or rushing to a quick fix that might not be applicable for your specific situation. Many of my clients enter counseling feeling alone or overwhelmed by feelings of sadness, anxiety, anger, or stress. They may feel stuck in painful relationships that aren't working, or stuck with intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, dread, or inner pain. My treatment approach is gentle, educational, and experiential.
(510) 343-7798 View (510) 343-7798
Photo of Caitlin Wicks, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Caitlin Wicks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95101
I am here to tell you, you are not broken, even if your mind may tell you so. When we are anxious or in despair, we can’t think straight or engage our usual survival strategies. It can impact our health, body, emotions, relationships, perception of self and reality. We can't make sense of the distorted thoughts alone. We need a therapist to help guide us. I often help young women who are feeling shy, anxious, obsessive, depressed, struggling with perfectionism or life transitions. I enjoy helping girls and women achieve developmentally appropriate social-emotional, verbal and non-verbal communication skills.
I am here to tell you, you are not broken, even if your mind may tell you so. When we are anxious or in despair, we can’t think straight or engage our usual survival strategies. It can impact our health, body, emotions, relationships, perception of self and reality. We can't make sense of the distorted thoughts alone. We need a therapist to help guide us. I often help young women who are feeling shy, anxious, obsessive, depressed, struggling with perfectionism or life transitions. I enjoy helping girls and women achieve developmentally appropriate social-emotional, verbal and non-verbal communication skills.
(415) 649-5373 View (415) 649-5373
Photo of Brandon Hoshiko, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Brandon Hoshiko
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, #109570
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95128  (Online Only)
Sometimes everything looks great in our lives, but something feels "wrong" and we don't know why. Other times, life might take unexpected turns and we hit "rough patches" with co-workers, friends, family, partners - maybe even finding difficulties within ourselves. While we've held everything together pretty well, maybe we're thinking we could use some help. Knowing we could use help and asking for help are signs of amazing insight and strength. Therapists may be able to offer the help you're looking for - in an accepting, compassionate space that allows an opportunity to explore what's going on and realize your best hopes.
Sometimes everything looks great in our lives, but something feels "wrong" and we don't know why. Other times, life might take unexpected turns and we hit "rough patches" with co-workers, friends, family, partners - maybe even finding difficulties within ourselves. While we've held everything together pretty well, maybe we're thinking we could use some help. Knowing we could use help and asking for help are signs of amazing insight and strength. Therapists may be able to offer the help you're looking for - in an accepting, compassionate space that allows an opportunity to explore what's going on and realize your best hopes.
(408) 898-9763 View (408) 898-9763
Photo of Bassy Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Bassy Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95124  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck in your marriage, family relationships, or personal growth? Even the strongest among us can feel lost, unsure, ambivalent, or unhappy at times. I can help you understand and manage whatever life throws at you, and how to do it successfully. I believe you have the strength not to just survive, but to truly THRIVE.
Are you feeling stuck in your marriage, family relationships, or personal growth? Even the strongest among us can feel lost, unsure, ambivalent, or unhappy at times. I can help you understand and manage whatever life throws at you, and how to do it successfully. I believe you have the strength not to just survive, but to truly THRIVE.
(408) 418-2491 View (408) 418-2491
Photo of Michael A Schmidt, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Michael A Schmidt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110
We provide testing and therapy services to youth and adults struggling in their everyday functioning. PSYCHOTHERAPY: Treatment for youth, families, and adults with mild to severe depression, suicidality/hospitalization, anxiety, behavioral issues, relationship distress, and more. TESTING: Cognitive Testing (IQ/mental abilities); Psychoeducational Testing (Learning Disability/academic achievement); Developmental Testing (Autism Spectrum Disorder, language/motor delay, behavioral disturbance); ADHD Testing (distractibility/concentration, fidgety, impulsive); Behavioral/Emotional Testing (Depression, Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Anxiety).
We provide testing and therapy services to youth and adults struggling in their everyday functioning. PSYCHOTHERAPY: Treatment for youth, families, and adults with mild to severe depression, suicidality/hospitalization, anxiety, behavioral issues, relationship distress, and more. TESTING: Cognitive Testing (IQ/mental abilities); Psychoeducational Testing (Learning Disability/academic achievement); Developmental Testing (Autism Spectrum Disorder, language/motor delay, behavioral disturbance); ADHD Testing (distractibility/concentration, fidgety, impulsive); Behavioral/Emotional Testing (Depression, Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Anxiety).
(408) 418-2503 View (408) 418-2503
Photo of Nahal Zakerani, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Nahal Zakerani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95124
Are you looking for someone to work with you and your family to optimize you, your child, or family's strengths? Are the pressures of school, relationships, work, or society impacting you or your child's ability to feel happy and fulfilled? If so, I am available to work with you to develop wellness strategies to promote health and well-being. Whether you or your child are struggling with depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, medical concerns, or academic struggles, working with a trained professional is a way to find support & understand you/your child's needs better.
Are you looking for someone to work with you and your family to optimize you, your child, or family's strengths? Are the pressures of school, relationships, work, or society impacting you or your child's ability to feel happy and fulfilled? If so, I am available to work with you to develop wellness strategies to promote health and well-being. Whether you or your child are struggling with depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, medical concerns, or academic struggles, working with a trained professional is a way to find support & understand you/your child's needs better.
(408) 883-4591 View (408) 883-4591
Photo of Shawn O'Dell, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Shawn O'Dell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95128
I am a licensed Psychologist with my practice based in California providing counseling and psychotherapy services to our California senior community. I work with older adults with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief and loss, aging and change, health and disability issues as well as men's issues just to name a few. If you have Medicare and secondary insurance you are likely to be fully covered and not pay anything out of pocket. There is no need to suffer in silence. Please call for more information. I look forward to speaking with you. Please call 408-956-6896 to connect with me.
I am a licensed Psychologist with my practice based in California providing counseling and psychotherapy services to our California senior community. I work with older adults with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief and loss, aging and change, health and disability issues as well as men's issues just to name a few. If you have Medicare and secondary insurance you are likely to be fully covered and not pay anything out of pocket. There is no need to suffer in silence. Please call for more information. I look forward to speaking with you. Please call 408-956-6896 to connect with me.
(408) 956-6896 View (408) 956-6896
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.