Photo of Sara Frye, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Sara Frye
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Frye specializes in neuropsychological and psychoeducational evaluations, with an emphasis on autism spectrum disorder (including adults being diagnosed for the first time), ADHD, learning disabilities (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia), anxiety and depressive disorders, brain injuries, behavior disorders, intellectual disabilities, and giftedness.
Disclaimer: We do not currently offer therapy services. Dr. Sara Frye is a licensed psychologist and nationally certified school psychologist. She has practiced in a variety of settings, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, and schools. Her background is unique in that she is trained in both neuropsychology and school psychology. Thus, she can make medical diagnoses and educational recommendations. Evaluations focus on identifying neurocognitive strengths and weaknesses, as well as assessing behavioral and social-emotional functioning, to clarify diagnoses and make recommendations for supports.
Frye specializes in neuropsychological and psychoeducational evaluations, with an emphasis on autism spectrum disorder (including adults being diagnosed for the first time), ADHD, learning disabilities (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia), anxiety and depressive disorders, brain injuries, behavior disorders, intellectual disabilities, and giftedness.
Disclaimer: We do not currently offer therapy services. Dr. Sara Frye is a licensed psychologist and nationally certified school psychologist. She has practiced in a variety of settings, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, and schools. Her background is unique in that she is trained in both neuropsychology and school psychology. Thus, she can make medical diagnoses and educational recommendations. Evaluations focus on identifying neurocognitive strengths and weaknesses, as well as assessing behavioral and social-emotional functioning, to clarify diagnoses and make recommendations for supports.
(520) 282-4709 View (520) 282-4709
Photo of Savannah Wright, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Savannah Wright
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
If you feel that your child may be struggling with a learning disorder (dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia), ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, or other psychological & cognitive concerns, please call to talk about how psychological testing could be helpful.
Through therapy, I help children understand their big emotions and how to navigate through emotional reactions in more helpful, positive ways. I enjoy working with children and teens on finding the best coping tools to make the challenges of growing up feel a bit more manageable. I also help guide teens through their challenging teenage years that may be further impacted by mental health struggles, such as anxiety and depression. My overall goal is for kids and families to see and experience positive change in the home and school environments.
If you feel that your child may be struggling with a learning disorder (dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia), ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, or other psychological & cognitive concerns, please call to talk about how psychological testing could be helpful.
Through therapy, I help children understand their big emotions and how to navigate through emotional reactions in more helpful, positive ways. I enjoy working with children and teens on finding the best coping tools to make the challenges of growing up feel a bit more manageable. I also help guide teens through their challenging teenage years that may be further impacted by mental health struggles, such as anxiety and depression. My overall goal is for kids and families to see and experience positive change in the home and school environments.
(520) 217-8387 View (520) 217-8387
Photo of Tucson Neuropsycholgy Institute, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Tucson Neuropsycholgy Institute
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Tucson Neuropsychology Institute (TNI) offers comprehensive evaluations for both children and adults. Our psychologists have experience with a range of neurological, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and chronic health issues. We provide evaluations to assess ADHD, autism, TBI, memory loss, and learning disorders. With over 50 years of combined experience serving the greater Tucson area, TNI’s mission is to provide the highest quality care to our patients, to actively contribute to the advancement of the field of neuropsychology, and to improve the lives of those in our community.
Tucson Neuropsychology Institute (TNI) offers comprehensive evaluations for both children and adults. Our psychologists have experience with a range of neurological, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and chronic health issues. We provide evaluations to assess ADHD, autism, TBI, memory loss, and learning disorders. With over 50 years of combined experience serving the greater Tucson area, TNI’s mission is to provide the highest quality care to our patients, to actively contribute to the advancement of the field of neuropsychology, and to improve the lives of those in our community.
(520) 492-0957 View (520) 492-0957
Photo of Tristan Michael Collins Hood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Tristan Michael Collins Hood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85701
I work with individuals, families, and/or systems who find themselves 'stuck'. I work from an inclusive and eclectic framework which allows me to work from the outside or join, as needed, to move past the 'stuck' points. I recently took steps towards physical gender affirming transition. Those who have known me these 13+ years in the field will find this a step in learning and growing with me; those who have heard my name as a recommendation will also find this a step in learning and growing. To learn is to grow; to grow is to be alive!
I work with individuals, families, and/or systems who find themselves 'stuck'. I work from an inclusive and eclectic framework which allows me to work from the outside or join, as needed, to move past the 'stuck' points. I recently took steps towards physical gender affirming transition. Those who have known me these 13+ years in the field will find this a step in learning and growing with me; those who have heard my name as a recommendation will also find this a step in learning and growing. To learn is to grow; to grow is to be alive!
(520) 843-0604 View (520) 843-0604
Photo of Rhonda L. Smith, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Rhonda L. Smith
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85732  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I also have experience as a school psychologist and teacher, and I understand how social-emotional-behavioral difficulties and learning disabilities might impact one’s ability to be successful in and outside the educational setting.
I use a strength-based and acceptance approach, and I genuinely believe in a person’s ability to learn the skills and strategies needed to make positive change and growth in whatever areas a person would like. I provide therapy for adults, adolescents, children, and families experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, learning difficulties, or other issues impacting them.
I also have experience as a school psychologist and teacher, and I understand how social-emotional-behavioral difficulties and learning disabilities might impact one’s ability to be successful in and outside the educational setting.
I use a strength-based and acceptance approach, and I genuinely believe in a person’s ability to learn the skills and strategies needed to make positive change and growth in whatever areas a person would like. I provide therapy for adults, adolescents, children, and families experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, learning difficulties, or other issues impacting them.
(520) 331-1526 View (520) 331-1526
Photo of Nicole Linn, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Nicole Linn
Counselor, MEd, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
Does your child have big emotions, anger, worries, or behaviors that you are struggling to understand? Has your child been through something difficult or just isn’t acting like themselves? If your child is expressing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or unexplained difficulties, a play-based model allows a safe environment to explore their feelings and needs affecting healthy functioning. I specialize in using a genuine, non-judgmental, supportive approach to helping children and families develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as learning new sets of skills for making choices and having healthier relationships.
Does your child have big emotions, anger, worries, or behaviors that you are struggling to understand? Has your child been through something difficult or just isn’t acting like themselves? If your child is expressing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or unexplained difficulties, a play-based model allows a safe environment to explore their feelings and needs affecting healthy functioning. I specialize in using a genuine, non-judgmental, supportive approach to helping children and families develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as learning new sets of skills for making choices and having healthier relationships.
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Photo of Michele Lynn, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Michele Lynn
Counselor, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85741  (Online Only)
I work from a Relational-Cultural Theoretical position and believe that partnering and working together allows for shared power and learning.
I am a passionate advocate for diverse groups and am currently a Ph.D. candidate in Counselor Education. My research focuses on cultural humility and social justice advocacy. I am well-versed in the dynamics that contribute to behavioral health issues and mental health disparities. I have a deep compassion for the underserved and communities of color, and LGBTQI+ communities. I am trained in EMDR trauma therapy and work deeply with Attachment Theory and trauma-focused healing. As a former school counselor, I greatly understand systemic barriers, the impact of childhood experiences, and foundational issues that can impact one's life.
I work from a Relational-Cultural Theoretical position and believe that partnering and working together allows for shared power and learning.
I am a passionate advocate for diverse groups and am currently a Ph.D. candidate in Counselor Education. My research focuses on cultural humility and social justice advocacy. I am well-versed in the dynamics that contribute to behavioral health issues and mental health disparities. I have a deep compassion for the underserved and communities of color, and LGBTQI+ communities. I am trained in EMDR trauma therapy and work deeply with Attachment Theory and trauma-focused healing. As a former school counselor, I greatly understand systemic barriers, the impact of childhood experiences, and foundational issues that can impact one's life.
(623) 323-3454 View (623) 323-3454
Photo of Dr Blake Harding PLC, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Dr Blake Harding PLC
Counselor, MA, CPsych
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Waitlist for new clients
I empower clients in learning new skills, exploring individual strengths and discovering creative life course solutions.
Seeking treatment is a huge step. You're a strong and capable person for doing so. Whether you need extra support, affirming space or have a problem to solve, I am here to help. Psychotherapy provides safe space to reevaluate priorities, slow down and find ease. I approach therapy with humor, warmness and analogy in helping clients see different perspectives. My approach is solution oriented while being eclectic, exploratory and expansive. Therapy is focused on establishing a full picture of client history, relationships and current levels of functioning. Then collaboratively a treatment plan is established to meet client goals.
I empower clients in learning new skills, exploring individual strengths and discovering creative life course solutions.
Seeking treatment is a huge step. You're a strong and capable person for doing so. Whether you need extra support, affirming space or have a problem to solve, I am here to help. Psychotherapy provides safe space to reevaluate priorities, slow down and find ease. I approach therapy with humor, warmness and analogy in helping clients see different perspectives. My approach is solution oriented while being eclectic, exploratory and expansive. Therapy is focused on establishing a full picture of client history, relationships and current levels of functioning. Then collaboratively a treatment plan is established to meet client goals.
(206) 823-1674 View (206) 823-1674
Photo of Mikaela Haley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Mikaela Haley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to regulate your emotions? Are you a person who needs help coping with your anxiety, depression, or trauma? Perhaps you need the space to express yourself and change your thinking patterns into open and self-accepting one's. Life can be difficult and I'm here to help you cope with life's struggles without feeling alone.
Are you struggling to regulate your emotions? Are you a person who needs help coping with your anxiety, depression, or trauma? Perhaps you need the space to express yourself and change your thinking patterns into open and self-accepting one's. Life can be difficult and I'm here to help you cope with life's struggles without feeling alone.
(520) 341-5424 View (520) 341-5424
Photo of Sydney Arkowitz, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Sydney Arkowitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
It's not easy to seek therapy. I am so interested in those initial steps. My experience has led me to appreciate that some traumatic experience generally is part of the presenting problem. Many clients are surprised to discover this. Because I have spent pro bono time evaluating asylum seekers, I have learned a great deal about the varieties of how trauma haunts. I also have come to respect how strengths and capacities nevertheless endure. This is what I bring to my work---to help sort it all out so that pain is diminished and individuality flourishes.
It's not easy to seek therapy. I am so interested in those initial steps. My experience has led me to appreciate that some traumatic experience generally is part of the presenting problem. Many clients are surprised to discover this. Because I have spent pro bono time evaluating asylum seekers, I have learned a great deal about the varieties of how trauma haunts. I also have come to respect how strengths and capacities nevertheless endure. This is what I bring to my work---to help sort it all out so that pain is diminished and individuality flourishes.
(520) 350-9710 View (520) 350-9710
Photo of Tamara Gittelson, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Tamara Gittelson
Counselor, MA, LCPC, Analyst, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Hi. Come talk about what matters to you most. Together, we walk. Explore. Meander. Clarify. I love what I do and will help you feel better. I can help with multicultural issues, relocation, or if you're struggling with addiction, overcoming trauma, relationships, questions about polyamory, depression or abuse. If life has lost its meaning and you’re missing adventure, intimacy, greater self-expression and passion, let’s go. If you don’t talk about it, it won’t get better. I’m supportive, alternative, warm and kind. You’ll feel comfortable, and challenge thoughts and perceptions preventing you from getting out of your own way.
Hi. Come talk about what matters to you most. Together, we walk. Explore. Meander. Clarify. I love what I do and will help you feel better. I can help with multicultural issues, relocation, or if you're struggling with addiction, overcoming trauma, relationships, questions about polyamory, depression or abuse. If life has lost its meaning and you’re missing adventure, intimacy, greater self-expression and passion, let’s go. If you don’t talk about it, it won’t get better. I’m supportive, alternative, warm and kind. You’ll feel comfortable, and challenge thoughts and perceptions preventing you from getting out of your own way.
(312) 410-8248 View (312) 410-8248
Photo of Krishna Bright, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Krishna Bright
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85711
I provide both counseling and astrology services, integrating 40 years experience of astrology into my counseling practice. 20 years of counseling experience involves guiding and supporting others through relationship concerns, family issues, anxiety, depression, sleep problems & women's health (sexual, physical, emotional.) I use CBT, psychodynamic, solution focused and emotionally focused modalities to help the client feel confident and secure in their positive coping skills. I also use mindfulness techniques and encourage the client to approach life holistically (mind, body, spirit) to obtain optimum goals of peace and happiness.
I provide both counseling and astrology services, integrating 40 years experience of astrology into my counseling practice. 20 years of counseling experience involves guiding and supporting others through relationship concerns, family issues, anxiety, depression, sleep problems & women's health (sexual, physical, emotional.) I use CBT, psychodynamic, solution focused and emotionally focused modalities to help the client feel confident and secure in their positive coping skills. I also use mindfulness techniques and encourage the client to approach life holistically (mind, body, spirit) to obtain optimum goals of peace and happiness.
(520) 214-8272 View (520) 214-8272
Photo of Lori Boston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Lori Boston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
As we journey through life, many factors blend to form who we are today. When we experience hurts, abuses, traumatic events, or unhealthy relationships we learn to find survival mechanisms that served their purpose at the time but are no longer effective in the present. I use a client-centered approach tailored to meet your individual needs to find the best path to healing. I chose counseling as a career because I have had a life-long passion for helping people.
As we journey through life, many factors blend to form who we are today. When we experience hurts, abuses, traumatic events, or unhealthy relationships we learn to find survival mechanisms that served their purpose at the time but are no longer effective in the present. I use a client-centered approach tailored to meet your individual needs to find the best path to healing. I chose counseling as a career because I have had a life-long passion for helping people.
(520) 394-4880 View (520) 394-4880
Photo of Casey Benjamin Stone, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Casey Benjamin Stone
Counselor, LAC CRC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85715  (Online Only)
My aim as a psychotherapist and counselor is to provide a secure and healthy environment where individuals can address life's obstacles that hinder their progress. It is common to face difficulties that we cannot overcome alone, which is why I believe that a collaborative therapeutic relationship is vital for personal growth and positive change. My goal is to create a safe space where clients can identify their values, enhance their present-moment awareness, and manage distressing thoughts and emotions more effectively.
My aim as a psychotherapist and counselor is to provide a secure and healthy environment where individuals can address life's obstacles that hinder their progress. It is common to face difficulties that we cannot overcome alone, which is why I believe that a collaborative therapeutic relationship is vital for personal growth and positive change. My goal is to create a safe space where clients can identify their values, enhance their present-moment awareness, and manage distressing thoughts and emotions more effectively.
(520) 523-3432 View (520) 523-3432
Photo of April Newman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
April Newman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85719
In the 20+ years I've worked in the helping profession, I've been honored to walk with many individuals on their personal paths of self discovery. Bearing witness to their journeys has inspired me on my own path, both professionally and personally. I have found my interest concentrated on Human Sexuality. My intention is to provide an open and safe environment for individuals to explore concerns and questions related to aspects of their sexuality and gender expression. By exploring how this impacts one's personal experience, close relationships and lives, insight can be gained and self esteem improved. Areas of focus include:
In the 20+ years I've worked in the helping profession, I've been honored to walk with many individuals on their personal paths of self discovery. Bearing witness to their journeys has inspired me on my own path, both professionally and personally. I have found my interest concentrated on Human Sexuality. My intention is to provide an open and safe environment for individuals to explore concerns and questions related to aspects of their sexuality and gender expression. By exploring how this impacts one's personal experience, close relationships and lives, insight can be gained and self esteem improved. Areas of focus include:
(520) 265-5491 View (520) 265-5491
Photo of Blanca Obregón, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Blanca Obregón
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85719  (Online Only)
Immediate Openings! I am a licensed professional counselor both in Maine and Az. Therapy is a journey of self-discovery, growth and bringing thoughts/behaviors into awareness. Whether you need help navigating relationship difficulties, or letting go of things that no longer serve you; or you are looking for more balance, well-being, and meaning in your life. It takes courage to seek help when experiencing a life changing event such as death, divorce, or illness. I take a creative and empathic approach to therapy. I aim to help you tell your story, become self-aware, find your strengths, make viable choices, & face change creatively.
Immediate Openings! I am a licensed professional counselor both in Maine and Az. Therapy is a journey of self-discovery, growth and bringing thoughts/behaviors into awareness. Whether you need help navigating relationship difficulties, or letting go of things that no longer serve you; or you are looking for more balance, well-being, and meaning in your life. It takes courage to seek help when experiencing a life changing event such as death, divorce, or illness. I take a creative and empathic approach to therapy. I aim to help you tell your story, become self-aware, find your strengths, make viable choices, & face change creatively.
(207) 393-2672 View (207) 393-2672
Photo of Tasia Ivey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Tasia Ivey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85710
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed professional counselor with a primary specialty in adolescent and young adult mental health, as well as experience treating adults and families. As a therapist, I primarily treat individuals with various mental health issues specific to teens and young adults transitioning to adulthood. I provide treatment to individuals that emphasizes identifying strengths, express their emotions and to overall have a better relationship with their culture/community. I strive to help people live more emotionally healthy and relationally successful lives.
I am a licensed professional counselor with a primary specialty in adolescent and young adult mental health, as well as experience treating adults and families. As a therapist, I primarily treat individuals with various mental health issues specific to teens and young adults transitioning to adulthood. I provide treatment to individuals that emphasizes identifying strengths, express their emotions and to overall have a better relationship with their culture/community. I strive to help people live more emotionally healthy and relationally successful lives.
(520) 416-6014 View (520) 416-6014
Photo of Thomas Noth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Thomas Noth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Not accepting new clients
I am not currently accepting new clients. Therapy is an opportunity to heal from the past, cope with the present, and discover a brighter future. Together, we can build upon your strengths, process through traumas, and release the limiting beliefs that are keeping you stuck. My approach to therapy is client-centered and strength-based. As your therapist, I will support you with building practical skills, setting healthy boundaries, and channeling your inner confidence to help you thrive.
I am not currently accepting new clients. Therapy is an opportunity to heal from the past, cope with the present, and discover a brighter future. Together, we can build upon your strengths, process through traumas, and release the limiting beliefs that are keeping you stuck. My approach to therapy is client-centered and strength-based. As your therapist, I will support you with building practical skills, setting healthy boundaries, and channeling your inner confidence to help you thrive.
(520) 492-0515 View (520) 492-0515
Photo of Katie Meyerowitz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Katie Meyerowitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
Not accepting new clients
Let me start off by saying, I am so glad you are here. I am delighted by the possibility of providing services to your child and family. Seeking support is a major step that takes courage and insight. I strive to create a space where clients feel seen, heard, and understood. Whether your child is struggling with big behaviors and emotions or having a difficult time navigating major life changes, I am here to help. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and families to address concerns such as trauma, anxiety, depression, attachment, self-esteem, neurodiversity, and emotional regulation.
Let me start off by saying, I am so glad you are here. I am delighted by the possibility of providing services to your child and family. Seeking support is a major step that takes courage and insight. I strive to create a space where clients feel seen, heard, and understood. Whether your child is struggling with big behaviors and emotions or having a difficult time navigating major life changes, I am here to help. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and families to address concerns such as trauma, anxiety, depression, attachment, self-esteem, neurodiversity, and emotional regulation.
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Photo of Aisha Jakachira LLC In-Office & On-line Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Aisha Jakachira LLC In-Office & On-line Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSAC, EMDR, LASAC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85711
Not accepting new clients
As of right now I am not accepting new clients. I have been in this field for over 25 years. I am here to help anyone who is willing to take the first step in reaching out for help in their road to healing and recovery. I am here to guide you through the process and to help you become more self-sufficient and self-confident in working through any obstacles that you might be challenged with as you move forward in life.
As of right now I am not accepting new clients. I have been in this field for over 25 years. I am here to help anyone who is willing to take the first step in reaching out for help in their road to healing and recovery. I am here to guide you through the process and to help you become more self-sufficient and self-confident in working through any obstacles that you might be challenged with as you move forward in life.
(520) 318-5543 View (520) 318-5543

Nearby Education and Learning Disabilities Therapists Searches for Tucson

See More Education and Learning Disabilities Therapists
Education and Learning Disabilities Therapists

How effective is treatment for learning disabilities?

When initiated early and tailored to a child’s specific needs, learning disability treatment can be quite effective at helping a child cope with their disability, though its exact efficacy may depend on the severity of symptoms and whether comorbid disorders exist. Less is known about treatment initiated in adulthood, but it is certainly possible that an adult with a learning disability will see some improvement—or at the very least, identify workarounds and accommodations that could make symptoms less burdensome in day-to-day life.

When should someone seek treatment for learning disabilities?

It’s best to seek treatment as early as possible. Because learning disabilities often go unnoticed until a child starts school, or even until they’re a few years along, regular check-ins with teachers and doctors can help parents determine whether children are meeting milestones and keeping up with peers or whether an evaluation for learning disabilities may be warranted. And although earlier is always better, it’s never too late to be evaluated for learning disabilities and to seek treatment.

What happens if learning disabilities are left untreated?

Undiagnosed and untreated learning disabilities can be a source of significant frustration and shame for a child, who may feel that their challenges stem from a lack of intelligence or willpower. Such feelings can trigger low self-esteem, depression, or anxiety, which may push a child toward risky behaviors, including substance use. In adulthood, untreated learning disabilities can interfere with career success, and lingering feelings of self-doubt and shame can negatively affect someone’s mental health.

Are there medications for learning disabilities?

Currently, there are no medications designed to treat specific learning disabilities such as dysgraphia or dyscalculia. However, someone with a learning disability may be prescribed medication for a comorbid condition, such as anxiety, depression, or ADHD, which may have positive downstream effects on their learning disability; for example, a child with both ADHD and dyslexia may find that they’re better able to focus on their reading exercises after being prescribed a stimulant medication.