Photo of Russell Esmail, Psychologist in Nassau County, NY
Russell Esmail
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Greenvale, NY 11548  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist with 10+ years of experience. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety disorders, substance use, acculturation, and relationship/interpersonal difficulties and more. Being an Asian immigrant and having lived in different countries (Hong Kong, Malaysia, England), I understand the struggle of having misaligned values and ideals from the people around us. However, these experiences have also helped me connect with people of different cultures and mentalities, and have helped me to understand how people relate to their own mental health.
I am a clinical psychologist with 10+ years of experience. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety disorders, substance use, acculturation, and relationship/interpersonal difficulties and more. Being an Asian immigrant and having lived in different countries (Hong Kong, Malaysia, England), I understand the struggle of having misaligned values and ideals from the people around us. However, these experiences have also helped me connect with people of different cultures and mentalities, and have helped me to understand how people relate to their own mental health.
(845) 583-0364 View (845) 583-0364
Photo of Theresa DeSantis, Psychologist in Nassau County, NY
Theresa DeSantis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Farmingdale, NY 11735
A trusting relationship with a therapist who has been where you are now will help you work through feelings, cope with stress, possibly find solutions to problems, and stop the feeling of being all alone.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, frustrated or stressed? Is it effecting your sleep, work, motivation, personal relationships, or feel like you are stuck in a rut? Is it impacting other areas like your sex life, drinking too much, or turning to other unhealthy outlets? To make it worse, you feel all alone because anyone you talk with passes judgment or says that you are wrong for how you feel. How would it feel to find help from someone who is non-judgmental, will truly understand you, and be there for you every step of the way no matter what?
A trusting relationship with a therapist who has been where you are now will help you work through feelings, cope with stress, possibly find solutions to problems, and stop the feeling of being all alone.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, frustrated or stressed? Is it effecting your sleep, work, motivation, personal relationships, or feel like you are stuck in a rut? Is it impacting other areas like your sex life, drinking too much, or turning to other unhealthy outlets? To make it worse, you feel all alone because anyone you talk with passes judgment or says that you are wrong for how you feel. How would it feel to find help from someone who is non-judgmental, will truly understand you, and be there for you every step of the way no matter what?
(631) 392-6205 x11 View (631) 392-6205 x11
Photo of Naomi Bernstein, Psychologist in Nassau County, NY
Naomi Bernstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lynbrook, NY 11563
I specialize in couples and marriage counseling as well as individual therapy for relationship issues (coping with break-ups, exploring unhealthy relationship patterns.) I will support and challenge you; providing a safe place to explore your feelings and make positive changes in your life. Depression, anxiety and relationship stress can leave you feeling hopeless. I can help you understand the underlying cause of these feelings and take back control over your life and your emotions. Take a look at my website naomibernstein.com
I specialize in couples and marriage counseling as well as individual therapy for relationship issues (coping with break-ups, exploring unhealthy relationship patterns.) I will support and challenge you; providing a safe place to explore your feelings and make positive changes in your life. Depression, anxiety and relationship stress can leave you feeling hopeless. I can help you understand the underlying cause of these feelings and take back control over your life and your emotions. Take a look at my website naomibernstein.com
(516) 669-0929 View (516) 669-0929
Photo of Gary Bruschi, Psychologist in Nassau County, NY
Gary Bruschi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Great Neck, NY 11021
I have found that the most important factor in any successful therapy is the chemistry between therapist and the people he/she works with. I use the therapeutic relationship to understand what problems an individual faces outside the office, what blocks them from accomplishing what they want for themselves. A therapeutic relationship is often one of the most intimate and private relationships one can have. I try to help people develop their own sense of agency to gain control over their lives. I believe people want to be seen and heard. I enjoy being able to provide that for them.
I have found that the most important factor in any successful therapy is the chemistry between therapist and the people he/she works with. I use the therapeutic relationship to understand what problems an individual faces outside the office, what blocks them from accomplishing what they want for themselves. A therapeutic relationship is often one of the most intimate and private relationships one can have. I try to help people develop their own sense of agency to gain control over their lives. I believe people want to be seen and heard. I enjoy being able to provide that for them.
(516) 346-5369 View (516) 346-5369
Photo of Micky Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Micky Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Massapequa, NY 11758
As a therapist, I understand the significance of the client-therapist relationship in the process of achieving personal growth and making positive changes.
As an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW-R), I have had the privilege of working with diverse populations, including children, adolescents, adults, and couples. With a strong foundation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), I strive to create a rich, fulfilling, and effective therapeutic experience for individuals and couples in treatment. CBT, as you may know, emphasizes the interplay between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. By focusing on the present moment and exploring new ways of thinking, clients can experience positive changes in their lives.
As a therapist, I understand the significance of the client-therapist relationship in the process of achieving personal growth and making positive changes.
As an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW-R), I have had the privilege of working with diverse populations, including children, adolescents, adults, and couples. With a strong foundation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), I strive to create a rich, fulfilling, and effective therapeutic experience for individuals and couples in treatment. CBT, as you may know, emphasizes the interplay between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. By focusing on the present moment and exploring new ways of thinking, clients can experience positive changes in their lives.
(516) 774-4172 View (516) 774-4172
Photo of Zelda Schemaille, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Zelda Schemaille
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I bring over 30 years of clinical experience and study in Body-Centered Gestalt to our relationship.
If you have a desire for growth and discovery and can appreciate the value of process-oriented and relational therapy, then I may be the right therapist for you. I will engage you in a way that allows for energetic shifts, so that you have the ability to solve your own problems and remove the blocks to peace and happiness.
I bring over 30 years of clinical experience and study in Body-Centered Gestalt to our relationship.
If you have a desire for growth and discovery and can appreciate the value of process-oriented and relational therapy, then I may be the right therapist for you. I will engage you in a way that allows for energetic shifts, so that you have the ability to solve your own problems and remove the blocks to peace and happiness.
(516) 336-9945 View (516) 336-9945
Photo of Frances J Alkire, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Frances J Alkire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynbrook, NY 11563
I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship with the key to therapy being the ability of the therapist to listen and the client knowing that he/she has been heard and understood.
I invite you to take a journey on a "therapeutic pathway" to promote personal health and wellness. Feelings of being overwhelmed, anxious and depressed often present with the many obstacles one faces in every day life. Taking care of one's self both physically and emotionally is essential for healing. I can guide you in a nurturing, empathetic environment by giving you coping skills to reduce negative feelings and provide insight into the challenges you are experiencing. I will help you focus on living a life that is less reactive and more directed.
I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship with the key to therapy being the ability of the therapist to listen and the client knowing that he/she has been heard and understood.
I invite you to take a journey on a "therapeutic pathway" to promote personal health and wellness. Feelings of being overwhelmed, anxious and depressed often present with the many obstacles one faces in every day life. Taking care of one's self both physically and emotionally is essential for healing. I can guide you in a nurturing, empathetic environment by giving you coping skills to reduce negative feelings and provide insight into the challenges you are experiencing. I will help you focus on living a life that is less reactive and more directed.
(516) 271-3092 View (516) 271-3092
Photo of Tanya Barros, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Tanya Barros
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Baldwin, NY 11510
Are you are seeking extra support or guidance, through a challenging situation? Are you interested in self-growth? If so, I look forward to working with you! My practice is geared towards individuals, seeking to work on issues such as self-esteem, confidence, relationships & finding a suitable work/family & life balance. As a solution-focused Psychotherapist, I shall work with you to set personal goals and help uncover your true potential and strengths in a supportive & non-judgmental manner. Offering individual, group & couples counseling services as well as professional Life & Relationship Coaching. Accepting New Clients!
Are you are seeking extra support or guidance, through a challenging situation? Are you interested in self-growth? If so, I look forward to working with you! My practice is geared towards individuals, seeking to work on issues such as self-esteem, confidence, relationships & finding a suitable work/family & life balance. As a solution-focused Psychotherapist, I shall work with you to set personal goals and help uncover your true potential and strengths in a supportive & non-judgmental manner. Offering individual, group & couples counseling services as well as professional Life & Relationship Coaching. Accepting New Clients!
(516) 268-0618 View (516) 268-0618
Photo of Randi Zimmerman @ Randi Z. Therapy Consulting , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Randi Zimmerman @ Randi Z. Therapy Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plainview, NY 11803
Treating all forms of anxiety, relationship and behavioral conditions.
At The Time is Always Now Therapy Group, Randi Zimmerman, LCSW-R, CEDS-S and her team are ready for you! "What lies before you and what lies behind you are tiny matters compared to what lies within you." - Ralph Waldo Emerson. For those who wish to be the best they can be, to heal and strive and connect, therapy can help you achieve the highest quality of your life. Your unique strengths will be uncovered and cultivated to help you meet the challenges before you. You will be guided and nurtured to achieve and exceed your goals, to take the risks necessary to fulfill your dreams. The time to start is now!
Treating all forms of anxiety, relationship and behavioral conditions.
At The Time is Always Now Therapy Group, Randi Zimmerman, LCSW-R, CEDS-S and her team are ready for you! "What lies before you and what lies behind you are tiny matters compared to what lies within you." - Ralph Waldo Emerson. For those who wish to be the best they can be, to heal and strive and connect, therapy can help you achieve the highest quality of your life. Your unique strengths will be uncovered and cultivated to help you meet the challenges before you. You will be guided and nurtured to achieve and exceed your goals, to take the risks necessary to fulfill your dreams. The time to start is now!
(516) 986-4345 View (516) 986-4345
Photo of Long Island Hope Counseling Services LLC, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Long Island Hope Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Garden City, NY 11530
Waitlist for new clients
Angela's clinical experience entails working with clients on addressing a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, parenting, relationship issues, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, and disordered eating.
Dr. Angela Fung is a licensed mental health counselor and adjunct instructor in the Master’s Program for Counseling for Mental Health & Wellness at New York University. She finds great joy in walking alongside her clients through a meaningful journey of healing and behavioral transformation. Angela’s many years of working with individuals, couples, and groups have shaped her approach to client centered counseling and compassionate care.
Angela's clinical experience entails working with clients on addressing a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, parenting, relationship issues, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, and disordered eating.
Dr. Angela Fung is a licensed mental health counselor and adjunct instructor in the Master’s Program for Counseling for Mental Health & Wellness at New York University. She finds great joy in walking alongside her clients through a meaningful journey of healing and behavioral transformation. Angela’s many years of working with individuals, couples, and groups have shaped her approach to client centered counseling and compassionate care.
(516) 980-3936 View (516) 980-3936
Photo of Carolyn De la Mata, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Carolyn De la Mata
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Baldwin, NY 11510  (Online Only)
Welcome! Taking the first step towards making change is often the hardest one - but you aren't alone. I primarily work with women ages 18+ who are facing relationship challenges, dealing with impacts of trauma, family conflict, or those who are caught in negative/anxious thinking patterns or behaviors. I aim to create a safe and supportive space where you can openly express yourself, explore your emotions and thoughts, and develop effective coping strategies to navigate life's obstacles with agency and confidence. Together, we can identify your goals and find your inherent strength and resilience.
Welcome! Taking the first step towards making change is often the hardest one - but you aren't alone. I primarily work with women ages 18+ who are facing relationship challenges, dealing with impacts of trauma, family conflict, or those who are caught in negative/anxious thinking patterns or behaviors. I aim to create a safe and supportive space where you can openly express yourself, explore your emotions and thoughts, and develop effective coping strategies to navigate life's obstacles with agency and confidence. Together, we can identify your goals and find your inherent strength and resilience.
(516) 656-7440 View (516) 656-7440
Photo of Love Inspires Psychotherapy LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Love Inspires Psychotherapy LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Farmingdale, NY 11735
With a specialty as a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I provide strategies to overcome emotional conflicts and sexual disorders that interfere with intimate connection and relationship success.
Do you struggle with finding your balance and maintaining peace? Are you repeating the same negative patterns, feeling stagnant, ashamed, anxious and overwhelmed? I will work with you to build solutions that fit you when you have: the desire to improve any aspect of your life• trouble adjusting to a new situation or life transition• conflicts that keep you from being closer to people you care about• anxiety• depression• lack information or embarrassment about sex• questions about relationships or sexual health..... I hold space for you to discuss and explore personal related topics confidentially without shame and judgement.
With a specialty as a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I provide strategies to overcome emotional conflicts and sexual disorders that interfere with intimate connection and relationship success.
Do you struggle with finding your balance and maintaining peace? Are you repeating the same negative patterns, feeling stagnant, ashamed, anxious and overwhelmed? I will work with you to build solutions that fit you when you have: the desire to improve any aspect of your life• trouble adjusting to a new situation or life transition• conflicts that keep you from being closer to people you care about• anxiety• depression• lack information or embarrassment about sex• questions about relationships or sexual health..... I hold space for you to discuss and explore personal related topics confidentially without shame and judgement.
(516) 586-0392 View (516) 586-0392
Photo of Dr. Teresa Taylor Williams in Nassau County, NY
Dr. Teresa Taylor Williams
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Neck, NY 11021  (Online Only)
My ideal client is an adolescent who is experiencing social-emotional challenges, peer pressures, parental conflict or someone needing someone to talk to which would lead to the need to service and counsel parents who are struggling with communication issues and conflicts in the home which would lead to working with the family to regain understanding, learn how to treat and speak with each other and engage me to bring a sense of normalcy into the total relationship. I also am honored to work with women struggling with the aftermath of a broken relationship, dealing with the stresses of work and family.
My ideal client is an adolescent who is experiencing social-emotional challenges, peer pressures, parental conflict or someone needing someone to talk to which would lead to the need to service and counsel parents who are struggling with communication issues and conflicts in the home which would lead to working with the family to regain understanding, learn how to treat and speak with each other and engage me to bring a sense of normalcy into the total relationship. I also am honored to work with women struggling with the aftermath of a broken relationship, dealing with the stresses of work and family.
(646) 437-8459 View (646) 437-8459
Photo of Marc Fernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Marc Fernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oceanside, NY 11572  (Online Only)
I primarily work with individuals and couples who want to strengthen their relationship, rebuild trust in their relationship, or gain the clarity they need to make decisions about the future of their relationship. I also work with individuals who feel stuck and limited to furthering their own personal growth.
I primarily work with individuals and couples who want to strengthen their relationship, rebuild trust in their relationship, or gain the clarity they need to make decisions about the future of their relationship. I also work with individuals who feel stuck and limited to furthering their own personal growth.
(516) 265-7918 View (516) 265-7918
Photo of Bianca Kattan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Bianca Kattan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030  (Online Only)
Create positive & healthy changes in your life. You have taken a courageous step toward healing. Whether you have relationship issues, family conflicts, fears, anxiety, panic, trauma, depression, bottled up frustration and insecurities, you will gain concrete skills to manage them IMMEDIATELY. If you feel marginalized because of sexual orientation, being an immigrant, having disabilities or feel like an outsider, you will be heard, empowered and taught to be self protective. I work with the LGBTQ community. Those dealing with chronic pain, infertility and adoption, integrating a mind-body approach. I am fluent in Hebrew and Arabic.
Create positive & healthy changes in your life. You have taken a courageous step toward healing. Whether you have relationship issues, family conflicts, fears, anxiety, panic, trauma, depression, bottled up frustration and insecurities, you will gain concrete skills to manage them IMMEDIATELY. If you feel marginalized because of sexual orientation, being an immigrant, having disabilities or feel like an outsider, you will be heard, empowered and taught to be self protective. I work with the LGBTQ community. Those dealing with chronic pain, infertility and adoption, integrating a mind-body approach. I am fluent in Hebrew and Arabic.
(646) 490-9982 View (646) 490-9982
Photo of Brooke Allman Bubbico, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Brooke Allman Bubbico
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sea Cliff, NY 11579  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping clients understand generational relationship patterns and identify ways to work with previous experiences to gain insight and live a fully integrated and realized life.
I work with people navigating changes in their life, specifically around family planning and care (fertility, pregnancy, parenting), and want help managing stress, anxieties, depression, and fears related to these life changes. My work centers on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum people and their families. Psychologically, the perinatal period is a time of tremendous opportunity for growth, reflection, and repair. It can also bring unanticipated emotional experiences that can feel isolating and uncomfortable. My clients are looking for ways to move through pregnancy and parenthood with more confidence and ease.
I specialize in helping clients understand generational relationship patterns and identify ways to work with previous experiences to gain insight and live a fully integrated and realized life.
I work with people navigating changes in their life, specifically around family planning and care (fertility, pregnancy, parenting), and want help managing stress, anxieties, depression, and fears related to these life changes. My work centers on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum people and their families. Psychologically, the perinatal period is a time of tremendous opportunity for growth, reflection, and repair. It can also bring unanticipated emotional experiences that can feel isolating and uncomfortable. My clients are looking for ways to move through pregnancy and parenthood with more confidence and ease.
(917) 727-9439 View (917) 727-9439
Photo of Benjamin P Schafler Counseling Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Benjamin P Schafler Counseling Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MA, MSW, PD, SDA
Verified Verified
Long Beach, NY 11561
If seasoned professional input regarding school, career, family, relationship, behavioral or personal progress could be of benefit, please call me at (516) 774-4995 to discuss how I can help, or to book an appointment now, or cut & paste: shorturl.
Over 20 years experience helping adults, children, and adolescents overcome obstacles to greater happiness and success. I bring out and support the special qualities of each and every person at their own level, and provide support, insight, understanding and practical solution focused guidance and assistance. I'm a great listener & easy to to talk to! Professional but not intimidating; easy-going, compassionate and understanding; I make counseling-therapy an engaging, pleasant, helpful experience, and provide strategies, tools, insight and advice for you to self-improve and feel relief. Don't wait. Call me!
If seasoned professional input regarding school, career, family, relationship, behavioral or personal progress could be of benefit, please call me at (516) 774-4995 to discuss how I can help, or to book an appointment now, or cut & paste: shorturl.
Over 20 years experience helping adults, children, and adolescents overcome obstacles to greater happiness and success. I bring out and support the special qualities of each and every person at their own level, and provide support, insight, understanding and practical solution focused guidance and assistance. I'm a great listener & easy to to talk to! Professional but not intimidating; easy-going, compassionate and understanding; I make counseling-therapy an engaging, pleasant, helpful experience, and provide strategies, tools, insight and advice for you to self-improve and feel relief. Don't wait. Call me!
(516) 774-4995 View (516) 774-4995
Photo of Patricia Traynor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Patricia Traynor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CLC
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
I provide children an opportunity to foster a positive relationship with their non-custodial parent in a non- threaten environment.
Do you have feelings of sadness, anger, or dealing with overwhelming stress? Do you feel isolated, trapped, or alone? Confronting problems and making changes can be scary. But consider the rewards!! Are you ready to experience a sense of peace, balance and freedom. By partnering together, we will explore and develop attainable goals that will bring you personal and professional growth. Take the first step, call or email me for a free consultation.
I provide children an opportunity to foster a positive relationship with their non-custodial parent in a non- threaten environment.
Do you have feelings of sadness, anger, or dealing with overwhelming stress? Do you feel isolated, trapped, or alone? Confronting problems and making changes can be scary. But consider the rewards!! Are you ready to experience a sense of peace, balance and freedom. By partnering together, we will explore and develop attainable goals that will bring you personal and professional growth. Take the first step, call or email me for a free consultation.
(516) 252-3106 View (516) 252-3106
Photo of Sandra M Jordan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Sandra M Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Uniondale, NY 11553  (Online Only)
My approach to the client-therapist relationship is to provide a safe space.
I'm Sandra Jordan, Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20+ years of experience. The greatest lesson I've learned is that the most beautiful person you can be is yourself. Day to day we're faced with traditional/societal "norms" and told if you step outside this box you've somehow fallen short. Many face depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, destructive perfectionism, and more just trying to "measure up". I became a therapist to help people push through to better mental health and wellness.
My approach to the client-therapist relationship is to provide a safe space.
I'm Sandra Jordan, Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20+ years of experience. The greatest lesson I've learned is that the most beautiful person you can be is yourself. Day to day we're faced with traditional/societal "norms" and told if you step outside this box you've somehow fallen short. Many face depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, destructive perfectionism, and more just trying to "measure up". I became a therapist to help people push through to better mental health and wellness.
(516) 289-0196 View (516) 289-0196
Photo of Tiffany P Sachmechi, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Tiffany P Sachmechi
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Great Neck, NY 11024  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples with a wide range of general to severe mental health, addiction, or relationship concerns.
Clients who seek my services desire effective and positive change in their lives. In my work with you, I will utilize empathy and warmth to help navigate unexpected challenges that leave you feeling stuck, in a safe nonjudgmental space. Through self-reflection and understanding, we will work to resolve unhealthy thinking and behavior patterns that contribute to poor self-worth, relationship issues, intense conflict and emotional pain. I believe therapy is for everyone to be able to achieve growth, self awareness and healthy, meaningful relationships with your self and others.
I work with individuals and couples with a wide range of general to severe mental health, addiction, or relationship concerns.
Clients who seek my services desire effective and positive change in their lives. In my work with you, I will utilize empathy and warmth to help navigate unexpected challenges that leave you feeling stuck, in a safe nonjudgmental space. Through self-reflection and understanding, we will work to resolve unhealthy thinking and behavior patterns that contribute to poor self-worth, relationship issues, intense conflict and emotional pain. I believe therapy is for everyone to be able to achieve growth, self awareness and healthy, meaningful relationships with your self and others.
(516) 619-2887 View (516) 619-2887

See more therapy options for Nassau County

Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.