Photo of Ashley Ayres, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Ashley Ayres
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401  (Online Only)
We are in extraordinary times of uncertainty. You are not alone in feeling sad, stressed, afraid, lonely, or angry. Relationships everywhere are feeling strained and disconnected. Parents are unsure how to meet their children’s needs or how to know if their teenager’s behavior is “normal”. Individuals are feeling even more alone, anxious, and overwhelmed. Searching for a therapist to help with these struggles is not easy. For those who are considering therapy during your most vulnerable and difficult times I commend you for your courage to care of yourself and your family.
We are in extraordinary times of uncertainty. You are not alone in feeling sad, stressed, afraid, lonely, or angry. Relationships everywhere are feeling strained and disconnected. Parents are unsure how to meet their children’s needs or how to know if their teenager’s behavior is “normal”. Individuals are feeling even more alone, anxious, and overwhelmed. Searching for a therapist to help with these struggles is not easy. For those who are considering therapy during your most vulnerable and difficult times I commend you for your courage to care of yourself and your family.
(845) 299-2735 View (845) 299-2735
Photo of Alison Fox, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ulster County, NY
Alison Fox
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401
Challenges without support can be lonely for the child and their family.
Let's say you've come to me to ask for help, for you or your child. I would say, "Have you tried making art about it?" Don't get bogged down by any worry about art-making skills or ability. I aim to find the most comfortable way for you or your child to share because a safe and therapeutic space to express yourself will help uncover unexpected solutions for yourself and your child. Because sometimes words just don't cut it.
Challenges without support can be lonely for the child and their family.
Let's say you've come to me to ask for help, for you or your child. I would say, "Have you tried making art about it?" Don't get bogged down by any worry about art-making skills or ability. I aim to find the most comfortable way for you or your child to share because a safe and therapeutic space to express yourself will help uncover unexpected solutions for yourself and your child. Because sometimes words just don't cut it.
(914) 612-5391 View (914) 612-5391
Photo of Kate Buncher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Kate Buncher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boiceville, NY 12412  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with neurodivergent people, people with cognitive or physical disabilities and their family members/care-givers.
I work from a relational, trauma-informed perspective that values every individual’s innate wisdom and capacity for growth. I strive to create a nonjudgmental environment that allows you to safely unfold and explore. Together we will work towards better understanding the experiences that formed you and releasing that which no longer serves you. I will support you to discover a sense of possibility while honoring your authentic self.
I specialize in working with neurodivergent people, people with cognitive or physical disabilities and their family members/care-givers.
I work from a relational, trauma-informed perspective that values every individual’s innate wisdom and capacity for growth. I strive to create a nonjudgmental environment that allows you to safely unfold and explore. Together we will work towards better understanding the experiences that formed you and releasing that which no longer serves you. I will support you to discover a sense of possibility while honoring your authentic self.
(845) 547-7263 View (845) 547-7263
Photo of Lynda Rosner in Ulster County, NY
Lynda Rosner
NYSLBA, BCBA, TSHH
Verified Verified
Highland, NY 12528
Social Skills Classes Parent/Family Guidance and Training School Consultations Mindfulness Groups Individual - Targeted ABA sessions (1-2 hours/week).
I'm Lynda Rosner, a Licensed Behavior Analyst with a passion for making a difference in the lives of individuals and families. I have been a BCBA since 2007 and have dedicated my career to collaborating, showing compassion, and finding solutions to every problem.
Social Skills Classes Parent/Family Guidance and Training School Consultations Mindfulness Groups Individual - Targeted ABA sessions (1-2 hours/week).
I'm Lynda Rosner, a Licensed Behavior Analyst with a passion for making a difference in the lives of individuals and families. I have been a BCBA since 2007 and have dedicated my career to collaborating, showing compassion, and finding solutions to every problem.
(845) 393-3896 View (845) 393-3896
Photo of Sarah Gugluizza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Sarah Gugluizza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Stone Ridge, NY 12484  (Online Only)
Our reactions to the world are influenced by our experiences. For me it’s meant transitioning from city life in Brooklyn & NYC to quieter moves upstate in the Hudson Valley; it’s meant growing from a young adult into family life & active mother of 3; and changing gears to be able to support and treat youngsters and adults in a way that best serves each of them. I've spent most of my career servicing children, teens and their families in emotional, behavioral, academic & psychiatric capacities. I've supported kids and teens through mental illness, trauma, developmental delays, learning issues,
Our reactions to the world are influenced by our experiences. For me it’s meant transitioning from city life in Brooklyn & NYC to quieter moves upstate in the Hudson Valley; it’s meant growing from a young adult into family life & active mother of 3; and changing gears to be able to support and treat youngsters and adults in a way that best serves each of them. I've spent most of my career servicing children, teens and their families in emotional, behavioral, academic & psychiatric capacities. I've supported kids and teens through mental illness, trauma, developmental delays, learning issues,
(347) 759-0218 View (347) 759-0218
Photo of Brian Aiken, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ulster County, NY
Brian Aiken
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC, LP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Paltz, NY 12561
Having recently completed an intensive year of psychodynamic and family systems training at the Institute of Contemporary Psychotherapy in Manhattan, I have become versed in the principles of Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Attachment Theory, Intergenerational Trauma, and frameworks of Neuroscience.
I offer compassionate support to those facing mood disorders, existential issues, sexuality, family issues, spirituality concerns, life path issues, trauma, anxiety, and a range of psychological and personal challenges. I seek to connect with clients in a patient and exploratory manner, providing insight and relief for those who seek it. Genuineness, authenticity, and acceptance are central to my practice and I strive to bring this into every moment. I am based out of Infinity Mental Health Counseling in New Paltz and offer in-person sessions, telehealth, and hiking therapy. I work with teens (16+) and adults of all ages.
Having recently completed an intensive year of psychodynamic and family systems training at the Institute of Contemporary Psychotherapy in Manhattan, I have become versed in the principles of Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Attachment Theory, Intergenerational Trauma, and frameworks of Neuroscience.
I offer compassionate support to those facing mood disorders, existential issues, sexuality, family issues, spirituality concerns, life path issues, trauma, anxiety, and a range of psychological and personal challenges. I seek to connect with clients in a patient and exploratory manner, providing insight and relief for those who seek it. Genuineness, authenticity, and acceptance are central to my practice and I strive to bring this into every moment. I am based out of Infinity Mental Health Counseling in New Paltz and offer in-person sessions, telehealth, and hiking therapy. I work with teens (16+) and adults of all ages.
(845) 385-1763 View (845) 385-1763
Photo of Stephanne Pleshette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Stephanne Pleshette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ruby, NY 12475  (Online Only)
I have been an individual and family/couples therapist for more than 25 years - It is reassuring to see all the changes that have developed over time. There are so many options for people including brief consultations as well as video sessions. I think people today are more comfortable creating good smart relationships with therapists and are seeking out a good fit. The internet helps with this. For me, a good fit would be someone who is ready for work, has an open mind, and is curious about themselves and interested in making change. I am a clinician who is direct and fairly straIght forward as well as supportive and kind.
I have been an individual and family/couples therapist for more than 25 years - It is reassuring to see all the changes that have developed over time. There are so many options for people including brief consultations as well as video sessions. I think people today are more comfortable creating good smart relationships with therapists and are seeking out a good fit. The internet helps with this. For me, a good fit would be someone who is ready for work, has an open mind, and is curious about themselves and interested in making change. I am a clinician who is direct and fairly straIght forward as well as supportive and kind.
(518) 765-1108 View (518) 765-1108
Photo of Learning Insights, Psychologist in Ulster County, NY
Learning Insights
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Highland, NY 12528
If you are seeking answers about your child's behavior, learning, or interpersonal difficulties -- or are seeking help for struggles of your own -- a good diagnostic assessment is the best place to start. I am a psychologist with over 25 years of experience providing evaluations and assessments for private clients, schools and Family Court, and I founded Learning Insights to provide top-quality help in diagnosing problems, such as ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Learning Disabilities. Beyond these areas, Learning Insights provides help for people who are seeking to adopt children, find a new career, or get unstuck in therapy.
If you are seeking answers about your child's behavior, learning, or interpersonal difficulties -- or are seeking help for struggles of your own -- a good diagnostic assessment is the best place to start. I am a psychologist with over 25 years of experience providing evaluations and assessments for private clients, schools and Family Court, and I founded Learning Insights to provide top-quality help in diagnosing problems, such as ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Learning Disabilities. Beyond these areas, Learning Insights provides help for people who are seeking to adopt children, find a new career, or get unstuck in therapy.
(845) 764-8180 View (845) 764-8180
Photo of Sarahrose Hogan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Sarahrose Hogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401
Please feel free to contact me to discuss how I can support your family.
I became a therapist following a dream to help people navigate life. I specialize in work with children and adolescents, and young adults. I've received extensive post graduate training in treatments I believe in and have seen be effective. Research shows that therapy success of treatment is built on fostering a supportive relationship between client and therapist. I am specifically passionate about helping those that have experience trauma, are in the neurodiverse community, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community.
Please feel free to contact me to discuss how I can support your family.
I became a therapist following a dream to help people navigate life. I specialize in work with children and adolescents, and young adults. I've received extensive post graduate training in treatments I believe in and have seen be effective. Research shows that therapy success of treatment is built on fostering a supportive relationship between client and therapist. I am specifically passionate about helping those that have experience trauma, are in the neurodiverse community, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community.
(845) 250-5857 View (845) 250-5857
Photo of Devon Brady, Counselor in Ulster County, NY
Devon Brady
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
You know, it's not easy getting on here and looking at these different profiles and making the call to a therapist. I appreciate your effort and taking the time to look at my profile today. I meet with people who have all kinds of different challenges in their lives and are experiencing transition whether kids, teens, families, or adults. You want different things, but up on the list for what I support with includes: having a sense of wholeness, authenticity, and autonomy in your life, relief from some kind of loss or pain in your heart or mind, or having a happy family, You deserve these things and I want to help you get there.
You know, it's not easy getting on here and looking at these different profiles and making the call to a therapist. I appreciate your effort and taking the time to look at my profile today. I meet with people who have all kinds of different challenges in their lives and are experiencing transition whether kids, teens, families, or adults. You want different things, but up on the list for what I support with includes: having a sense of wholeness, authenticity, and autonomy in your life, relief from some kind of loss or pain in your heart or mind, or having a happy family, You deserve these things and I want to help you get there.
(845) 412-9003 View (845) 412-9003
Photo of Amy Baracks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Amy Baracks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Stone Ridge, NY 12484
I have post-graduate training in Internal Family Systems, perinatal mental health, and neurodivergence/Autistic burnout.
You are ready to celebrate the full you. You dream of moving beyond whatever is keeping you stuck in unhealthy patterns. You are tired of trying to fit into a world that was not designed for you. You want to respond instead of react, improve your connection to others, and be grounded in your body. Even when some areas of your life are going okay, things still feel hard. You may have tried therapy many times before but it never seems "to work" and you are ready to try something new.
I have post-graduate training in Internal Family Systems, perinatal mental health, and neurodivergence/Autistic burnout.
You are ready to celebrate the full you. You dream of moving beyond whatever is keeping you stuck in unhealthy patterns. You are tired of trying to fit into a world that was not designed for you. You want to respond instead of react, improve your connection to others, and be grounded in your body. Even when some areas of your life are going okay, things still feel hard. You may have tried therapy many times before but it never seems "to work" and you are ready to try something new.
(845) 299-2519 View (845) 299-2519
Photo of Aspire To Wellness Behavioral Health, LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Aspire To Wellness Behavioral Health, LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Modena, NY 12548
I utilize trauma informed therapy, and a range of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy, and others.
I am a licensed clinical social worker, who uses CBT, REBT and others modalities to assist individual, group, children, adolescents, and families to assist each person with the individual treatment needed. I work with individuals with depression, anxiety, PTSD, behavior challenges, and family conflicts. I provide therapy with an unyielding level of respect for the individual path and circumstances of every person who I have the privilege of helping. My approach, honed over decades of experience, consists of nurturing and instilling a social, mental, and emotional environment that will empower a state of wellness in my client.
I utilize trauma informed therapy, and a range of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy, and others.
I am a licensed clinical social worker, who uses CBT, REBT and others modalities to assist individual, group, children, adolescents, and families to assist each person with the individual treatment needed. I work with individuals with depression, anxiety, PTSD, behavior challenges, and family conflicts. I provide therapy with an unyielding level of respect for the individual path and circumstances of every person who I have the privilege of helping. My approach, honed over decades of experience, consists of nurturing and instilling a social, mental, and emotional environment that will empower a state of wellness in my client.
(845) 482-0487 x12548 View (845) 482-0487 x12548
Photo of Donna Boundy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Donna Boundy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, -, R
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
With evening and weekend hours available, I aim to make help accessible to my clients. And with over 35 year of work in the field, I bring that deep experience and wisdom to the work. I feel very effective working with clients on many issues: COUPLES: Infidelity, loss of emotional/intimate closeness, communication problems, anger issues, and parenting. FAMILIES: blended family issues, adoption/fostercare, caregiving decisions, substance abuse concerns. INDIVIDUAL: Anxiety, substance abuse, recovery and relapse prevention, self-esteem, anger management, trauma and its aftermath, depression, relationship issues, adoption issues.
With evening and weekend hours available, I aim to make help accessible to my clients. And with over 35 year of work in the field, I bring that deep experience and wisdom to the work. I feel very effective working with clients on many issues: COUPLES: Infidelity, loss of emotional/intimate closeness, communication problems, anger issues, and parenting. FAMILIES: blended family issues, adoption/fostercare, caregiving decisions, substance abuse concerns. INDIVIDUAL: Anxiety, substance abuse, recovery and relapse prevention, self-esteem, anger management, trauma and its aftermath, depression, relationship issues, adoption issues.
(845) 943-0883 View (845) 943-0883
Photo of Grace Bonney, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Ulster County, NY
Grace Bonney
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT
Verified Verified
Accord, NY 12404  (Online Only)
I’m also a certified end-of-life doula and also work with clients and family systems to navigate grief, chronic illness, and disability.
Everyone deserves to be seen, heard, and valued. I collaborate with families, couples, and individuals to unpack and work through challenges and struggles from a strengths-based perspective. I work with clients to understand the larger cultural systems around all of us and how they impact our relationships and identities. I work from an anti-oppression, anti-diet, neurodiversity- affirming, disability justice, and Covid-conscious lens.
I’m also a certified end-of-life doula and also work with clients and family systems to navigate grief, chronic illness, and disability.
Everyone deserves to be seen, heard, and valued. I collaborate with families, couples, and individuals to unpack and work through challenges and struggles from a strengths-based perspective. I work with clients to understand the larger cultural systems around all of us and how they impact our relationships and identities. I work from an anti-oppression, anti-diet, neurodiversity- affirming, disability justice, and Covid-conscious lens.
(845) 409-8715 View (845) 409-8715
Photo of Mikki Meyer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Mikki Meyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMHC, CFLE, NCC
Verified Verified
Highland, NY 12528
I treat individuals, couples and families with the perspective of the whole system. Each person has learned beliefs and ideologies from their family of origin and bring those with them when they enter a new relationship. Helping uncover how those beliefs affect their lives is often key to the underpinnings of their problems and being able to decide what works for them is critical to being able to create a strong foundation in their relationships.
I treat individuals, couples and families with the perspective of the whole system. Each person has learned beliefs and ideologies from their family of origin and bring those with them when they enter a new relationship. Helping uncover how those beliefs affect their lives is often key to the underpinnings of their problems and being able to decide what works for them is critical to being able to create a strong foundation in their relationships.
(646) 651-4281 View (646) 651-4281
Photo of Tanya Tripi-Weiss, Mental Health Counselor in Ulster County, NY
Tanya Tripi-Weiss
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saugerties, NY 12477  (Online Only)
I’m Tanya, a Queer, Xennial, born and raised New Yorker from a blended family. Mental health is a second career for me, after working over 15 years in business and corporate finance, a world I left in 2012 after an experience with psychedelics that changed my self-concept as well as the trajectory of my life. Since that experience, I have immersed myself in advocacy for people who use drugs, using a harm reduction lens. I don’t believe in psychedelic exceptionalism, but I do believe in them as a possible alternative means healing and self discovery. In addition to a connection with the psychedelic community
I’m Tanya, a Queer, Xennial, born and raised New Yorker from a blended family. Mental health is a second career for me, after working over 15 years in business and corporate finance, a world I left in 2012 after an experience with psychedelics that changed my self-concept as well as the trajectory of my life. Since that experience, I have immersed myself in advocacy for people who use drugs, using a harm reduction lens. I don’t believe in psychedelic exceptionalism, but I do believe in them as a possible alternative means healing and self discovery. In addition to a connection with the psychedelic community
(347) 952-7561 View (347) 952-7561
Photo of Diane Zeitlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Diane Zeitlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saugerties, NY 12477
For nearly 20 years I have had the enormous privilege of working with children in both private practice and in a school for children with special needs. While encouraging each child’s unique strengths, I help work through such struggles as feelings of insecurity, managing anger, developing self-confidence, and navigating relationships with family, friends, and teachers. I have extensive experience working with children with language-based learning challenges, attentional difficulties, and autism spectrum symptoms. I aim to provide an atmosphere of warmth, attunement, and empathy. Building a trusting alliance is always my first step.
For nearly 20 years I have had the enormous privilege of working with children in both private practice and in a school for children with special needs. While encouraging each child’s unique strengths, I help work through such struggles as feelings of insecurity, managing anger, developing self-confidence, and navigating relationships with family, friends, and teachers. I have extensive experience working with children with language-based learning challenges, attentional difficulties, and autism spectrum symptoms. I aim to provide an atmosphere of warmth, attunement, and empathy. Building a trusting alliance is always my first step.
(646) 663-4184 View (646) 663-4184
Photo of Moving Mountains Occupational Therapy, PC, Occupational Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Moving Mountains Occupational Therapy, PC
Occupational Therapist, MS, OTR/L
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
If you are facing stress, life transitions, or pain and seek support and strategies to help with participation in daily routines, physical and mental well-being, coping skills, relationships with others, and overall growth, we can help you. We love to help those with disabilities or have a family member with a disability. We also would love to help other healthcare workers, first responders, and caretakers/DSP's to support their mental health, routines, prevent burn out in their professional, and physical well-being. We want everyone seeking support find what they love to do or help them get back to doing what they love.
If you are facing stress, life transitions, or pain and seek support and strategies to help with participation in daily routines, physical and mental well-being, coping skills, relationships with others, and overall growth, we can help you. We love to help those with disabilities or have a family member with a disability. We also would love to help other healthcare workers, first responders, and caretakers/DSP's to support their mental health, routines, prevent burn out in their professional, and physical well-being. We want everyone seeking support find what they love to do or help them get back to doing what they love.
(845) 402-2539 View (845) 402-2539
Photo of Alyssa Kerber in Ulster County, NY
Alyssa Kerber
MA, MFT-LP
Verified Verified
Saugerties, NY 12477  (Online Only)
I have been working with clients as a Marriage and Family Therapist since 2021, and I come from a primarily solution-focused narrative approach. As a systemic therapist I understand that although we are individuals, we are part of larger support systems that affect our mental health. Whether you are an individual, family, or part of a relationship, we will work together to emphasize your strengths and progress toward your goals. My belief is that you are the expert in your life and I am here to help you unlock the tools you already have inside while building skills and healthier strategies for the stress you experience.
I have been working with clients as a Marriage and Family Therapist since 2021, and I come from a primarily solution-focused narrative approach. As a systemic therapist I understand that although we are individuals, we are part of larger support systems that affect our mental health. Whether you are an individual, family, or part of a relationship, we will work together to emphasize your strengths and progress toward your goals. My belief is that you are the expert in your life and I am here to help you unlock the tools you already have inside while building skills and healthier strategies for the stress you experience.
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Photo of Rousz DeLuca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ulster County, NY
Rousz DeLuca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Paltz, NY 12561  (Online Only)
I operate from a Somatic Internal Family Systems framework and a harm-reduction/abolitionist lens, and am trained in EMDR.
Self-compassion is a great buzzword, but it's easier said than done. Sometimes you have to avoid or fight feelings and parts of yourself. Maybe you feel overwhelmed, worn out or conflicted. Maybe you are not satisfied with your core relationships. This could be because parts of you are stuck in past experiences and those parts are using the tools they have (like avoidance, self-criticism, anxiety...) to protect you from more pain, even though these tools don't always serve you now. Together, we can welcome and get to know each part of you slowly and safely, and introduce new tools for coping and making change.
I operate from a Somatic Internal Family Systems framework and a harm-reduction/abolitionist lens, and am trained in EMDR.
Self-compassion is a great buzzword, but it's easier said than done. Sometimes you have to avoid or fight feelings and parts of yourself. Maybe you feel overwhelmed, worn out or conflicted. Maybe you are not satisfied with your core relationships. This could be because parts of you are stuck in past experiences and those parts are using the tools they have (like avoidance, self-criticism, anxiety...) to protect you from more pain, even though these tools don't always serve you now. Together, we can welcome and get to know each part of you slowly and safely, and introduce new tools for coping and making change.
(347) 395-0805 View (347) 395-0805

See more therapy options for Ulster County

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.