Photo of Cari Foote, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Cari Foote
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Choosing a counselor is one of the most important decisions you can make. You want someone who is caring, knowledgeable, and accessible; someone willing to take the time to listen to your concerns and treat you as a person, not just a client. I understand this and will provide you with professional, solution-focused and evidenced based assessment and treatment to help you reach your goals. You can learn more about me and review the on-line parenting, anger management and drug & alcohol related classes I offer at: www.professionalcounseling.us.
Choosing a counselor is one of the most important decisions you can make. You want someone who is caring, knowledgeable, and accessible; someone willing to take the time to listen to your concerns and treat you as a person, not just a client. I understand this and will provide you with professional, solution-focused and evidenced based assessment and treatment to help you reach your goals. You can learn more about me and review the on-line parenting, anger management and drug & alcohol related classes I offer at: www.professionalcounseling.us.
(830) 433-5642 View (830) 433-5642
Photo of Greg Stehman, Marriage & Family Therapist in 75087, TX
Greg Stehman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
Accepting new clients.....Work with individuals and couples who are seeking help to work through anxiety, depression, anger management, infidelity, addictions, and communication/relationship issues.
Accepting new clients.....Work with individuals and couples who are seeking help to work through anxiety, depression, anger management, infidelity, addictions, and communication/relationship issues.
(469) 213-8681 View (469) 213-8681
Photo of Margaret B Schroeder, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Margaret B Schroeder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, YT200
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087  (Online Only)
I am a trauma-informed therapist who is passionate about healing the connections between mind, body, and spirit. I work with adults who are experiencing chronic illness, chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and dissociative disorders. I empower people to make decisions that help them create the life they want to live.
I am a trauma-informed therapist who is passionate about healing the connections between mind, body, and spirit. I work with adults who are experiencing chronic illness, chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and dissociative disorders. I empower people to make decisions that help them create the life they want to live.
(903) 418-3521 View (903) 418-3521
Photo of Counseling and Wellness of Heath, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Counseling and Wellness of Heath
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." Our therapists offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. We provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. We encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." Our therapists offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. We provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. We encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
(214) 833-9025 View (214) 833-9025
Photo of Gina Namie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75087, TX
Gina Namie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
I am a Multi-State Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years’ experience working with children, teens, adults, & couples. I have experience working in school systems, therapeutic day schools, victim advocacy, trauma survivors, client representation in court, & supporting both adults and couples through life transitions and system issues. I have worked extensively with parents going through divorce, including parent coaching and successful coparenting post-divorce. I am trained in Level 1 Gottman Method to assist couples by implementing targeted interventions to increase communication & enhance couple’s conflict regulation.
I am a Multi-State Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years’ experience working with children, teens, adults, & couples. I have experience working in school systems, therapeutic day schools, victim advocacy, trauma survivors, client representation in court, & supporting both adults and couples through life transitions and system issues. I have worked extensively with parents going through divorce, including parent coaching and successful coparenting post-divorce. I am trained in Level 1 Gottman Method to assist couples by implementing targeted interventions to increase communication & enhance couple’s conflict regulation.
(214) 833-0530 View (214) 833-0530
Photo of Jerry R Grammer, Psychologist in 75087, TX
Jerry R Grammer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
I maintains a private practice in both Dallas and Austin working with adolescence through adult populations. I work both in intensive psychodynamic psychotherapy as well as marriage and family therapy. My practice also includes forensic psychology. I consult and testify in civil and criminal matters for both the plaintiff/prosecution and defense. I serve as an independent medical evaluator, performing disability evaluations on veterans with disability claims, including mental disability, post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.
I maintains a private practice in both Dallas and Austin working with adolescence through adult populations. I work both in intensive psychodynamic psychotherapy as well as marriage and family therapy. My practice also includes forensic psychology. I consult and testify in civil and criminal matters for both the plaintiff/prosecution and defense. I serve as an independent medical evaluator, performing disability evaluations on veterans with disability claims, including mental disability, post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.
(512) 399-1513 View (512) 399-1513
Photo of Stefani Castro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75087, TX
Stefani Castro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087  (Online Only)
I believe that the best therapy is not based on the intervention but rather building an authentic, trusting relationship with your therapist and that looks different for each person. Depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD and other mental health issues can impair our ability to connect with others and keep us living in our heads. Therapy is not an easy task, but we don't get around our pain without going through it. And you don't have to do that alone...
I believe that the best therapy is not based on the intervention but rather building an authentic, trusting relationship with your therapist and that looks different for each person. Depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD and other mental health issues can impair our ability to connect with others and keep us living in our heads. Therapy is not an easy task, but we don't get around our pain without going through it. And you don't have to do that alone...
(469) 564-8934 View (469) 564-8934
Photo of Healing Heart, Body and Mind, Marriage & Family Therapist in 75087, TX
Healing Heart, Body and Mind
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087  (Online Only)
Lo mas importante eres tu y tu bienestar. Terapia puede ayudar a sanar, lidiar, y resolver los traumas y problemas que surgen en la vida. No estas solo, yo te puedo ayudar. Empezamos donde te sientas comodo. Te apoyo en tu creecimiento a ser tu mejor version. Me especializo en el trauma y ofresco servicios en ingles y espanol a adolescents, adultos, parejas y familias atravez de servicos virtuales. Me encantaria conocerlo!
Lo mas importante eres tu y tu bienestar. Terapia puede ayudar a sanar, lidiar, y resolver los traumas y problemas que surgen en la vida. No estas solo, yo te puedo ayudar. Empezamos donde te sientas comodo. Te apoyo en tu creecimiento a ser tu mejor version. Me especializo en el trauma y ofresco servicios en ingles y espanol a adolescents, adultos, parejas y familias atravez de servicos virtuales. Me encantaria conocerlo!
(972) 433-5307 View (972) 433-5307
Photo of Erin Tatum James, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Erin Tatum James
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I conduct a private practice with a main purpose of providing an environment in which individuals feel empowered to change the quality of their lives in regards to communication, relationships, and mental health. I have had a variety of experiences with adolescents, inpatient mental health hospitals, mobile psychological evaluations, intensive inpatient and outpatient assessments, marriage & family therapy, in-home counseling, and residential treatment centers. I also provide christian based counseling where there is a need. It is my counseling goal to help provide the skills needed to achieve full body wellness.
I conduct a private practice with a main purpose of providing an environment in which individuals feel empowered to change the quality of their lives in regards to communication, relationships, and mental health. I have had a variety of experiences with adolescents, inpatient mental health hospitals, mobile psychological evaluations, intensive inpatient and outpatient assessments, marriage & family therapy, in-home counseling, and residential treatment centers. I also provide christian based counseling where there is a need. It is my counseling goal to help provide the skills needed to achieve full body wellness.
(214) 499-9436 View (214) 499-9436
Photo of Steven Makulinski, Marriage & Family Therapist in 75087, TX
Steven Makulinski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Life has a tendency to throw unexpected situations, problems, and experiences at us. During these times, it is wise to seek guidance for our personal lives, marriages, families, and professional situations. Together, we will examine your current life situation, what is achievable, and how to move forward. Characteristics of narcissism, controlling behaviors, and problematic situations can affect one's mental health significantly. I work both with the person who struggles with these problems as well as those who are in relationships with that person. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
Life has a tendency to throw unexpected situations, problems, and experiences at us. During these times, it is wise to seek guidance for our personal lives, marriages, families, and professional situations. Together, we will examine your current life situation, what is achievable, and how to move forward. Characteristics of narcissism, controlling behaviors, and problematic situations can affect one's mental health significantly. I work both with the person who struggles with these problems as well as those who are in relationships with that person. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(469) 263-1233 View (469) 263-1233
Photo of Scott Stohner, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 75087, TX
Scott Stohner
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
"In the midst of winter, I found there was, within me, an invincible summer." - Albert Camus. Learning to live life without drugs and alcohol can feel like an unbearable task. Making the best decision for a loved one, child, or spouse can be one of the hardest yet most rewarding decisions to make. I am here to assist along the journey. Addiction has impacted my life personally. I decided to join the field professionally in 2013. I currently serve as program coordinator for an outpatient program and drug counselor for the 417th district juvenile drug court.
"In the midst of winter, I found there was, within me, an invincible summer." - Albert Camus. Learning to live life without drugs and alcohol can feel like an unbearable task. Making the best decision for a loved one, child, or spouse can be one of the hardest yet most rewarding decisions to make. I am here to assist along the journey. Addiction has impacted my life personally. I decided to join the field professionally in 2013. I currently serve as program coordinator for an outpatient program and drug counselor for the 417th district juvenile drug court.
(469) 765-3264 View (469) 765-3264
Photo of Pamela D. Vrana, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Pamela D. Vrana
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I have a passion for working with individuals, couples, and families in assisting them to find their true potential and "be the change they want to see." I can help couples and families that are feeling lost and confused by functioning as a guide, and together we can develop reference points towards resolving conflicts. I am a level three Gottman trained therapist.
I have a passion for working with individuals, couples, and families in assisting them to find their true potential and "be the change they want to see." I can help couples and families that are feeling lost and confused by functioning as a guide, and together we can develop reference points towards resolving conflicts. I am a level three Gottman trained therapist.
(469) 844-4573 View (469) 844-4573
Photo of Carolann David, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Carolann David
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CPA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
When life happens so does the unexpected. Unexpected heartache, loss, or even joy can cause stress in your life. At times, you may feel anxious and ill equipped to handle the events or relationships in your life. Life happens to everyone - it knows no boundaries of age, gender, marital status, religious affiliation, or income bracket. It happens to the best of us. It has happened to me. You do not have to face life's challenges alone.
When life happens so does the unexpected. Unexpected heartache, loss, or even joy can cause stress in your life. At times, you may feel anxious and ill equipped to handle the events or relationships in your life. Life happens to everyone - it knows no boundaries of age, gender, marital status, religious affiliation, or income bracket. It happens to the best of us. It has happened to me. You do not have to face life's challenges alone.
(214) 385-4522 View (214) 385-4522
Photo of Lauren Coats, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Lauren Coats
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
(972) 992-5957 View (972) 992-5957
Photo of Heather Blasingame, LPC Associate in 75087, TX
Heather Blasingame
LPC Associate , LCDC, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
I am currently a counselor with experience in helping both adolescents and adults with substance abuse and mental health concerns. My background, both professional and personal, in mental health and substance abuse allow me to connect and help people in a more understanding manner. I am currently a licensed LCDC and LPC Associate supervised by Kristi DuCote, LPC-S. I have a deep passion for helping people heal and grow into their individual needs and wants.
I am currently a counselor with experience in helping both adolescents and adults with substance abuse and mental health concerns. My background, both professional and personal, in mental health and substance abuse allow me to connect and help people in a more understanding manner. I am currently a licensed LCDC and LPC Associate supervised by Kristi DuCote, LPC-S. I have a deep passion for helping people heal and grow into their individual needs and wants.
(214) 271-4113 View (214) 271-4113
Photo of Sarah Switzer, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Sarah Switzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
I specialize in the treatment of adults, families, adolescents, and young children who are experiencing anxiety, depression, behavior issues, or who are survivors of psychological trauma and sexual abuse. I am also trained to treat substance abuse, behavioral addictions (including sex, pornography, gambling, food etc…) ADD/ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, grief and loss, self-esteem, and unhealthy relationships. I am a skilled family and relationship counselor who can assist you in improving communication, managing responses to triggers, understanding one another, improving parenting skills, and co-parenting relationships.
I specialize in the treatment of adults, families, adolescents, and young children who are experiencing anxiety, depression, behavior issues, or who are survivors of psychological trauma and sexual abuse. I am also trained to treat substance abuse, behavioral addictions (including sex, pornography, gambling, food etc…) ADD/ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, grief and loss, self-esteem, and unhealthy relationships. I am a skilled family and relationship counselor who can assist you in improving communication, managing responses to triggers, understanding one another, improving parenting skills, and co-parenting relationships.
(512) 768-2731 View (512) 768-2731
Photo of Mary You, Psychologist in 75087, TX
Mary You
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with life's difficulties? Do you find yourself stuck? Do you want to feel mentally healthier again? Would you like assistance from a professional to help you navigate through your challenges? Look no further. I am eager and happy to work with you. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families with anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual abuse, body image problems, family conflicts, relationship problems, parenting difficulties, ADHD, aging, grief and loss, marital problems, low self-esteem, infertility, and more.
Are you struggling with life's difficulties? Do you find yourself stuck? Do you want to feel mentally healthier again? Would you like assistance from a professional to help you navigate through your challenges? Look no further. I am eager and happy to work with you. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families with anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual abuse, body image problems, family conflicts, relationship problems, parenting difficulties, ADHD, aging, grief and loss, marital problems, low self-esteem, infertility, and more.
(469) 672-5875 View (469) 672-5875
Photo of Patricia Pomroy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75087, TX
Patricia Pomroy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
I specialize in treating adults and adolescents who are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I also have experience treating addiction, personality, and mood disorders. It brings me great satisfaction to help individuals enhance their quality of life by working through intrusive and overwhelming thoughts. I believe in the power of humor to diffuse tension and create a comfortable environment, so I often incorporate it into our sessions. I focus on helping you identify your goals and developing a collaborative approach to achieve them.
I specialize in treating adults and adolescents who are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I also have experience treating addiction, personality, and mood disorders. It brings me great satisfaction to help individuals enhance their quality of life by working through intrusive and overwhelming thoughts. I believe in the power of humor to diffuse tension and create a comfortable environment, so I often incorporate it into our sessions. I focus on helping you identify your goals and developing a collaborative approach to achieve them.
(512) 768-2731 View (512) 768-2731
Photo of Heather Graham, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in 75087, TX
Heather Graham
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Heather Graham LPC-A is supervised by Jenny Gagnon LPC-S. My life experiences have led me on my journey to help equip me to fulfill my purpose today. My purpose is to help clients with their own academic, career, and personal/social-emotional development, so they might discover their purpose & find healing. I desire to partner up with clients so they can experience healing by understanding their experiences & advocating for their personal restoration. Through the identification of barriers, setting goals, & finding solutions, clients can focus on finding freedom from life's common issues such as anxiety, depression, or trauma.
Heather Graham LPC-A is supervised by Jenny Gagnon LPC-S. My life experiences have led me on my journey to help equip me to fulfill my purpose today. My purpose is to help clients with their own academic, career, and personal/social-emotional development, so they might discover their purpose & find healing. I desire to partner up with clients so they can experience healing by understanding their experiences & advocating for their personal restoration. Through the identification of barriers, setting goals, & finding solutions, clients can focus on finding freedom from life's common issues such as anxiety, depression, or trauma.
(214) 643-8616 View (214) 643-8616
Photo of Dustin Swann, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75087, TX
Dustin Swann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I offer help to teenagers and adults suffering from depression or anxiety due to a variety of factors such as family issues, grief, and fear. I can help you walk through the pain in your life and be there guiding you to a safe place where you can find solace. I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2007 and I can tell you that you are not alone. Many, if not most, of us suffer through pain and heartache and it is okay to seek out help in your time of need. Let me help you find peace & joy.
I offer help to teenagers and adults suffering from depression or anxiety due to a variety of factors such as family issues, grief, and fear. I can help you walk through the pain in your life and be there guiding you to a safe place where you can find solace. I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2007 and I can tell you that you are not alone. Many, if not most, of us suffer through pain and heartache and it is okay to seek out help in your time of need. Let me help you find peace & joy.
(972) 992-5978 View (972) 992-5978

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 75087

100+

Average cost per session

$137

Therapists in 75087 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
92% Depression
80% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
74% Coping Skills
72% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Aetna

How Therapists in 75087 see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 75087?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.