Psychodynamic Therapists in 94131

Photo of Yasmin K Decuire, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Yasmin K Decuire
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I bring to my work my extensive training as a psychotherapist, which includesThe Marina Counseling Center (contemporary psychodynamic approaches & brief-solution focused modalities) and The Institute for Health & Healing, CPMC (Pediatric Oncology, Maternity and Cardiac Rehabilitation) as well as my personal life experience with bi-cultural European background, parenting and a mid-life career change.
It takes courage to admit that you can no longer face life's challenges alone. It is also the most important step towards change. My style is warm, interactive and intuitive. I integrate various therapeutic methodologies, which enables me to creatively meet your distinctive, personal needs. In addition to talk therapy I offer Expressive Arts and Guided Imagery to help us connect with and process negative, painful, and fearful emotions.
I bring to my work my extensive training as a psychotherapist, which includesThe Marina Counseling Center (contemporary psychodynamic approaches & brief-solution focused modalities) and The Institute for Health & Healing, CPMC (Pediatric Oncology, Maternity and Cardiac Rehabilitation) as well as my personal life experience with bi-cultural European background, parenting and a mid-life career change.
It takes courage to admit that you can no longer face life's challenges alone. It is also the most important step towards change. My style is warm, interactive and intuitive. I integrate various therapeutic methodologies, which enables me to creatively meet your distinctive, personal needs. In addition to talk therapy I offer Expressive Arts and Guided Imagery to help us connect with and process negative, painful, and fearful emotions.
(415) 423-3935 View (415) 423-3935
Photo of Joanna Sargalska-Gelin, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Joanna Sargalska-Gelin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
In technical terms, I use relational and psychodynamic therapy approaches.
Have you been feeling increasingly on edge, easily distracted, or irritable? Do you catch yourself overanalyzing and questioning decisions or interactions with other people? Do you feel disconnected, lonely, or unsure of yourself? These are all natural feelings, and we all struggle sometimes. But occasionally life throws one thing too many at us and moving forward requires a little more work. This can be especially true if you have recently experienced a significant life change, such as relationship break up, death of a loved one, career change, or welcoming a child. Therapy can offer the needed support and change of perspective.
In technical terms, I use relational and psychodynamic therapy approaches.
Have you been feeling increasingly on edge, easily distracted, or irritable? Do you catch yourself overanalyzing and questioning decisions or interactions with other people? Do you feel disconnected, lonely, or unsure of yourself? These are all natural feelings, and we all struggle sometimes. But occasionally life throws one thing too many at us and moving forward requires a little more work. This can be especially true if you have recently experienced a significant life change, such as relationship break up, death of a loved one, career change, or welcoming a child. Therapy can offer the needed support and change of perspective.
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Photo of Kimberly Koljat, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Kimberly Koljat
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, IMFT-S, RPT-S, RDT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I offer relationally focused, insight oriented therapy to individual adults in OH and CA rooted in neuroscience, attachment theory, systemic and psychodynamic work.
Looking for the right fit in therapy is everything, & I gladly meet my clients where they are & help them move towards the change they want to see in their lives. I provide insight-oriented therapy to those who want to work on how they show up in relationship, looking at behavioral patterns and unpacking how we can change the scripts that influence how you interact with others. I help those navigating the world as a Highly Sensitive Person or with neurodivergence, and are interested in therapy for the betterment of their relationship to self and others. I specialize in working with grieving clients navigating life altering change.
I offer relationally focused, insight oriented therapy to individual adults in OH and CA rooted in neuroscience, attachment theory, systemic and psychodynamic work.
Looking for the right fit in therapy is everything, & I gladly meet my clients where they are & help them move towards the change they want to see in their lives. I provide insight-oriented therapy to those who want to work on how they show up in relationship, looking at behavioral patterns and unpacking how we can change the scripts that influence how you interact with others. I help those navigating the world as a Highly Sensitive Person or with neurodivergence, and are interested in therapy for the betterment of their relationship to self and others. I specialize in working with grieving clients navigating life altering change.
(216) 238-6815 View (216) 238-6815
Photo of Molly S Mollin, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Molly S Mollin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
I utilize techniques from a variety of clinical approaches, including Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Cognitive, Narrative, and Strengths-Based models.
I have over 20 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and couples in a variety of settings. My approach involves warmth, honesty, insight, compassion, and humor. My philosophy is grounded in the core Humanistic principles of genuineness, empathy, and respect. Through my work, I have helped people from diverse backgrounds achieve improved health and move toward greater satisfaction in their lives and in themselves. I encourage individuals to tap into their own inherent strengths to find new, and more constructive, ways of navigating life's problems.
I utilize techniques from a variety of clinical approaches, including Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Cognitive, Narrative, and Strengths-Based models.
I have over 20 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and couples in a variety of settings. My approach involves warmth, honesty, insight, compassion, and humor. My philosophy is grounded in the core Humanistic principles of genuineness, empathy, and respect. Through my work, I have helped people from diverse backgrounds achieve improved health and move toward greater satisfaction in their lives and in themselves. I encourage individuals to tap into their own inherent strengths to find new, and more constructive, ways of navigating life's problems.
(415) 516-3641 View (415) 516-3641
Photo of Fran Reich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94131, CA
Fran Reich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
Trained in psychodynamic, relational, mindfulness, family and cognitive behavioral treatment, I'm comfortable providing both long-term or brief psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy is about building relationships. In seeking a therapist, it's important to find one who "gets you"; is able to understand your unique way of relating to the world and to others in your life. My goal is to be accepting of who you are, to help you better understand patterns in your life that are holding you back. I seek to create an environment where you can develop trust, feel safe, respected, cared for. Psychotherapy can be scary and requires a commitment on the part of both the therapist and the client. Although the road is sometimes painful, we travel through it together.
Trained in psychodynamic, relational, mindfulness, family and cognitive behavioral treatment, I'm comfortable providing both long-term or brief psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy is about building relationships. In seeking a therapist, it's important to find one who "gets you"; is able to understand your unique way of relating to the world and to others in your life. My goal is to be accepting of who you are, to help you better understand patterns in your life that are holding you back. I seek to create an environment where you can develop trust, feel safe, respected, cared for. Psychotherapy can be scary and requires a commitment on the part of both the therapist and the client. Although the road is sometimes painful, we travel through it together.
(415) 282-4349 View (415) 282-4349
Photo of Maureen Lindmeier-Arrow Psychotherapy, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Maureen Lindmeier-Arrow Psychotherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Our theoretical frame of reference is psychodynamic; however, we both use a variety of other treatment approaches in order to meet the specific needs of our clients.
At Arrow Psychotherapy we offer straightforward and effective therapy tailored to meet your individual needs. We help identify your strengths and use them to achieve realistic, attainable goals. Whether you are struggling with a major life transition, career dissatisfaction, relationship difficulty, or more generalized unhappiness with the direction you're headed, together we can achieve a richer understanding of your life and the behavioral patterns that may be impeding your personal growth. Our demeanor is honest, warm, and conscientious, which helps us connect to with people from all walks of life.
Our theoretical frame of reference is psychodynamic; however, we both use a variety of other treatment approaches in order to meet the specific needs of our clients.
At Arrow Psychotherapy we offer straightforward and effective therapy tailored to meet your individual needs. We help identify your strengths and use them to achieve realistic, attainable goals. Whether you are struggling with a major life transition, career dissatisfaction, relationship difficulty, or more generalized unhappiness with the direction you're headed, together we can achieve a richer understanding of your life and the behavioral patterns that may be impeding your personal growth. Our demeanor is honest, warm, and conscientious, which helps us connect to with people from all walks of life.
(415) 969-2801 View (415) 969-2801
Photo of Daniel Matthieu Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94131, CA
Daniel Matthieu Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I specialize in an integrative therapeutic approach that combines CBT, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Psychodynamic Theory. This blend is designed to help you uncover and align with your deepest values, improve self-confidence, reduce stress and suffering, and to find more richness and meaning in your life. I'm here to be in your corner, as an ally and as a guide. Additionally, as a powerful supplement for adults, I am partnered with Journey Clinical to offer legal, safe Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy that can be experienced in the comfort of my office or your home.
I specialize in an integrative therapeutic approach that combines CBT, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Psychodynamic Theory. This blend is designed to help you uncover and align with your deepest values, improve self-confidence, reduce stress and suffering, and to find more richness and meaning in your life. I'm here to be in your corner, as an ally and as a guide. Additionally, as a powerful supplement for adults, I am partnered with Journey Clinical to offer legal, safe Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy that can be experienced in the comfort of my office or your home.
(510) 395-8582 View (510) 395-8582
Photo of Catherine Singstad, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Catherine Singstad, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
I bring a variety of evidence-based therapeutic approaches (EMDR, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based) to my work, all designed to shift negative emotions, beliefs and patterns, and strengthen internal resources.
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
I bring a variety of evidence-based therapeutic approaches (EMDR, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based) to my work, all designed to shift negative emotions, beliefs and patterns, and strengthen internal resources.
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
(415) 906-4220 View (415) 906-4220
Photo of Elaine Shelub, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94131, CA
Elaine Shelub
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I use a psychoanalytic psychodynamic approach that gives me the insight and compassion to help you create profound and lasting change.
Having a safe and supportive space where one can talk openly, is so very important. Feeling understood and listened to promotes growth and change. I am warm and understanding as well as insightful and objective, bringing experience and honesty to my work. Together we will talk about what’s going on now, past events and relationships, and how they might be affecting you. I will work to develop a trusting, supportive relationship to more clearly understand what is troubling you. My clients have enjoyed success in overcoming anxiety and depression, connecting with others, defining and attaining goals, and increasing self-esteem.
I use a psychoanalytic psychodynamic approach that gives me the insight and compassion to help you create profound and lasting change.
Having a safe and supportive space where one can talk openly, is so very important. Feeling understood and listened to promotes growth and change. I am warm and understanding as well as insightful and objective, bringing experience and honesty to my work. Together we will talk about what’s going on now, past events and relationships, and how they might be affecting you. I will work to develop a trusting, supportive relationship to more clearly understand what is troubling you. My clients have enjoyed success in overcoming anxiety and depression, connecting with others, defining and attaining goals, and increasing self-esteem.
(415) 682-6708 View (415) 682-6708
Photo of Erica Mainshine, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Erica Mainshine
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I work primarily from a psychodynamic orientation.
I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for you where you can bring all of yourself, and explore and integrate experiences, thoughts, and feelings. I offer both goal oriented and more open-ended psychotherapy for adults, teenagers, and couples.
I work primarily from a psychodynamic orientation.
I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for you where you can bring all of yourself, and explore and integrate experiences, thoughts, and feelings. I offer both goal oriented and more open-ended psychotherapy for adults, teenagers, and couples.
(415) 472-9748 View (415) 472-9748
Photo of Lola Martin, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Lola Martin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy incorporates relational psychodynamic, behavioral, and somatic techniques.
Healing is possible. No matter who you are, or what happened to you, you deserve to feel safe and at home in your body. You can create a life that is worth living.
My approach to therapy incorporates relational psychodynamic, behavioral, and somatic techniques.
Healing is possible. No matter who you are, or what happened to you, you deserve to feel safe and at home in your body. You can create a life that is worth living.
(626) 240-5492 View (626) 240-5492
Photo of Matthew Chappell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94131, CA
Matthew Chappell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACM-SW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
I provide compassionate, calm, warm, collaborative, direct psychotherapy influenced by a variety of psychological modalities. I believe much may be accomplished through the trusted relationship between the therapist and a person in a safe, comfortable environment. And growth accomplished by an in-depth look at serious life experiences. I provider both brief and long term psychotherapy.
I provide compassionate, calm, warm, collaborative, direct psychotherapy influenced by a variety of psychological modalities. I believe much may be accomplished through the trusted relationship between the therapist and a person in a safe, comfortable environment. And growth accomplished by an in-depth look at serious life experiences. I provider both brief and long term psychotherapy.
(415) 820-3989 View (415) 820-3989
Photo of Palak Kothari, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Palak Kothari
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
You may be emotionally, physically, or spiritually in a space in your life that you might describe as challenging, confusing, and/or uncontrollable. There might be different struggles, that somehow reflect a similar underlying process. Perhaps, one that involves fear, avoidance, escaping, 'trying so hard', and eventually feeling helpless. Though our struggles may differ on the exterior, the underlying process is what often reflects our perspectives and emotional health. Addressing vs resisting our challenges can deepen our confidence in our ability to work through them. Thus, creating the space for a calm and grounded experience.
You may be emotionally, physically, or spiritually in a space in your life that you might describe as challenging, confusing, and/or uncontrollable. There might be different struggles, that somehow reflect a similar underlying process. Perhaps, one that involves fear, avoidance, escaping, 'trying so hard', and eventually feeling helpless. Though our struggles may differ on the exterior, the underlying process is what often reflects our perspectives and emotional health. Addressing vs resisting our challenges can deepen our confidence in our ability to work through them. Thus, creating the space for a calm and grounded experience.
(650) 694-9873 View (650) 694-9873
Photo of Kate Evans Therapy - Attachment Medicine, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Kate Evans Therapy - Attachment Medicine
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
My clients are individuals and couples who are ready to take a deeper look into themselves and the thoughts and behaviors that aren't serving them any longer. Maybe they've noticed patterns in their lives and/or relationships that they'd like to step away from or help their partners with; issues like explosive anger, emotional withdrawal, people pleasing, codependency, substance abuse, depression, or anxiety. These patterns may be longstanding or they may have arisen as a result of a recent grief or other trauma event. My clients feel there's more to life then what they may be living, they just don't know how to access it yet.
My clients are individuals and couples who are ready to take a deeper look into themselves and the thoughts and behaviors that aren't serving them any longer. Maybe they've noticed patterns in their lives and/or relationships that they'd like to step away from or help their partners with; issues like explosive anger, emotional withdrawal, people pleasing, codependency, substance abuse, depression, or anxiety. These patterns may be longstanding or they may have arisen as a result of a recent grief or other trauma event. My clients feel there's more to life then what they may be living, they just don't know how to access it yet.
(415) 598-5862 View (415) 598-5862
Photo of Ari Goldfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Ari Goldfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
How are you? When you are asked this simple question in a warm, supportive environment, it is the first step to discoveries that produce significant and lasting change. We will start by investigating together to clarify what is actually going on with you. We can explore both long-term and short-term causes--whatever feels relevant. Based on what we find out, we will work to effect the changes you want. Together, we will find your own unique keys to a meaningful and rewarding personal and professional life.
How are you? When you are asked this simple question in a warm, supportive environment, it is the first step to discoveries that produce significant and lasting change. We will start by investigating together to clarify what is actually going on with you. We can explore both long-term and short-term causes--whatever feels relevant. Based on what we find out, we will work to effect the changes you want. Together, we will find your own unique keys to a meaningful and rewarding personal and professional life.
(541) 233-4804 View (541) 233-4804
Photo of Stephanie Weissman, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Stephanie Weissman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
We all need tools to help us navigate the difficulties of life. I am lucky to be in a position to help people gain these tools. I love working with my clients; I am always learning from them. I have a down-to-earth, accessible and active approach to my work. I draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am sensitive to the interplay between social, economic, racial, emotional, and neurological factors. I continue to work in community and non-profit settings. In the Spring of 2016, I earned an Advanced Certificate from the Existential Humanistic Institute.
We all need tools to help us navigate the difficulties of life. I am lucky to be in a position to help people gain these tools. I love working with my clients; I am always learning from them. I have a down-to-earth, accessible and active approach to my work. I draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am sensitive to the interplay between social, economic, racial, emotional, and neurological factors. I continue to work in community and non-profit settings. In the Spring of 2016, I earned an Advanced Certificate from the Existential Humanistic Institute.
(650) 489-5447 View (650) 489-5447
Photo of Janelle Klaas, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Janelle Klaas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
Let's work together to clear the obstacles in the way of living your best life. If you feel ready to find insight into your patterns, heal old wounds, and develop new more effective ways of being in the world and in your relationships, I'd love to support you. I'll collaborate with you to process stuck emotions, gain clarity on your goals and values, and find empowerment and freedom to move forward in your life. Some therapists work mysteriously or are a "blank slate;" I like to be open, direct, and informative while always bringing my warmth and empathy so you can feel supported.
Let's work together to clear the obstacles in the way of living your best life. If you feel ready to find insight into your patterns, heal old wounds, and develop new more effective ways of being in the world and in your relationships, I'd love to support you. I'll collaborate with you to process stuck emotions, gain clarity on your goals and values, and find empowerment and freedom to move forward in your life. Some therapists work mysteriously or are a "blank slate;" I like to be open, direct, and informative while always bringing my warmth and empathy so you can feel supported.
(408) 816-1154 View (408) 816-1154
Photo of Shoshana Green, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Shoshana Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I am a licensed psychotherapist and work with adults and adolescents specializing in trauma recovery, relationship dynamics and sexuality. I am experienced and celebrate sexual and gender diversity and non-traditional relationship structures. My work is somatic and experiential. “Experiential means experiencing your felt sense of your emotions and your body. This is helpful for regulating your emotions and your nervous system particularly when one has experienced trauma. Having a "felt sense" of yourself also supports knowing what you need, respecting your limits/boundaries and staying present while being honest and vulnerable.
I am a licensed psychotherapist and work with adults and adolescents specializing in trauma recovery, relationship dynamics and sexuality. I am experienced and celebrate sexual and gender diversity and non-traditional relationship structures. My work is somatic and experiential. “Experiential means experiencing your felt sense of your emotions and your body. This is helpful for regulating your emotions and your nervous system particularly when one has experienced trauma. Having a "felt sense" of yourself also supports knowing what you need, respecting your limits/boundaries and staying present while being honest and vulnerable.
(415) 300-4799 View (415) 300-4799
Photo of Sean Monsarrat, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94131, CA
Sean Monsarrat
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
It is natural to encounter challenges beyond our understanding and ability to manage that induce stress, anxiety and depression. We may have reached a puzzling crossroads in life, we may be in conflict with ourselves and others, or we may want more harmony and direction in our lives. We may have been deeply wounded or traumatized in childhood. Sometimes all we know is we feel anxious, depressed, or something is missing or wrong. Psychotherapy offers powerful approaches to these issues, and the transformation we seek comes naturally from a genuine, healthy human relationship with a skilled, compassionate psychotherapist.
It is natural to encounter challenges beyond our understanding and ability to manage that induce stress, anxiety and depression. We may have reached a puzzling crossroads in life, we may be in conflict with ourselves and others, or we may want more harmony and direction in our lives. We may have been deeply wounded or traumatized in childhood. Sometimes all we know is we feel anxious, depressed, or something is missing or wrong. Psychotherapy offers powerful approaches to these issues, and the transformation we seek comes naturally from a genuine, healthy human relationship with a skilled, compassionate psychotherapist.
(415) 997-2909 View (415) 997-2909
Photo of Elissa Meryl, Psychologist in 94131, CA
Elissa Meryl
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
While you can't always avoid the challenges that arise in your life, you do have choices about how you address them. My approach draws from the idea that there is much to learn from these struggles, and that by decreasing the shame that makes it hard for you to face yourself, you create opportunities for making real and enduring changes in your life. But you don't have to do this alone.
While you can't always avoid the challenges that arise in your life, you do have choices about how you address them. My approach draws from the idea that there is much to learn from these struggles, and that by decreasing the shame that makes it hard for you to face yourself, you create opportunities for making real and enduring changes in your life. But you don't have to do this alone.
(415) 508-8845 View (415) 508-8845
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.