Trauma and PTSD Therapists in 94611

Photo of Randall Wyatt, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Randall Wyatt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Often clients come into therapy with me when they are stuck in life, in a crisis, or in transition in a relationship or job or when emotions are just becoming too much to cope with. They want a change but are not always sure how to go about it. Taking the step to begin therapy is not easy for most people, but starting therapy often leads to a real opportunity to change, in ways that are not always expected. My style is warm, inviting and engaging, and I seek to connect to each person where they are at in life.
Often clients come into therapy with me when they are stuck in life, in a crisis, or in transition in a relationship or job or when emotions are just becoming too much to cope with. They want a change but are not always sure how to go about it. Taking the step to begin therapy is not easy for most people, but starting therapy often leads to a real opportunity to change, in ways that are not always expected. My style is warm, inviting and engaging, and I seek to connect to each person where they are at in life.
(510) 972-1731 View (510) 972-1731
Photo of Natalia Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94611, CA
Natalia Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Feeling alone while surrounded by people intensifies the loneliness. No matter how much you try to do everything right, you somehow always feel like you're looking through a piece of glass. Maybe you've kept a few friendships but lost more than you can count without any reason provided. You'd rather be home than go out because socializing is exhausting. You've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or more in the past, and while some symptoms have subsided with treatment, it doesn't seem to fully leave you. You've always felt like an outsider even when you try your hardest to fit in.
Feeling alone while surrounded by people intensifies the loneliness. No matter how much you try to do everything right, you somehow always feel like you're looking through a piece of glass. Maybe you've kept a few friendships but lost more than you can count without any reason provided. You'd rather be home than go out because socializing is exhausting. You've been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or more in the past, and while some symptoms have subsided with treatment, it doesn't seem to fully leave you. You've always felt like an outsider even when you try your hardest to fit in.
(510) 447-1494 View (510) 447-1494
Photo of Jerdine Clarke, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Jerdine Clarke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
My style is trauma-informed and strengths based.
Are there experiences or challenges in your life that have left you feeling stuck, lost, disconnected, or alone? Are you struggling with your job, relationships, family, or just life in general? Do you need help making sense of the world around you and your place within it? Is it time to begin living your best life? All journeys begin with the first step.
My style is trauma-informed and strengths based.
Are there experiences or challenges in your life that have left you feeling stuck, lost, disconnected, or alone? Are you struggling with your job, relationships, family, or just life in general? Do you need help making sense of the world around you and your place within it? Is it time to begin living your best life? All journeys begin with the first step.
(510) 288-6245 View (510) 288-6245
Photo of Sharon Frasier, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94611, CA
Sharon Frasier
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
During challenging times, people often feel defeated and focus on what is wrong. I want to shift the focus from what is "not working" to identifying what is "working." We will work to uncover patterns (behavioral, thought beliefs, relationship), that will lead you to making better decisions. I want to offer a safe place to process thoughts and feelings around issues that can be challenging. I am interested in helping people who experience stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss and challenges with relationships (social or romantic). Many conversations are around “adulting” and how to manage life, career, relationships, etc.
During challenging times, people often feel defeated and focus on what is wrong. I want to shift the focus from what is "not working" to identifying what is "working." We will work to uncover patterns (behavioral, thought beliefs, relationship), that will lead you to making better decisions. I want to offer a safe place to process thoughts and feelings around issues that can be challenging. I am interested in helping people who experience stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss and challenges with relationships (social or romantic). Many conversations are around “adulting” and how to manage life, career, relationships, etc.
(510) 756-4628 View (510) 756-4628
Photo of Sarah Brekke-Velázquez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94611, CA
Sarah Brekke-Velázquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I specialize in working with people impacted by trauma and family stress and have done extensive work with youth and families.
I believe in healing ourselves and each other as the first step toward healing our planet. My intention as a therapist is to guide people toward empowerment and healing in order to live their fullest and most joyful lives possible. I believe that we all have this capacity within us, and therapy can help us to move through our past trauma, oppressive social conditioning, anxieties and other stresses to be our best selves.
I specialize in working with people impacted by trauma and family stress and have done extensive work with youth and families.
I believe in healing ourselves and each other as the first step toward healing our planet. My intention as a therapist is to guide people toward empowerment and healing in order to live their fullest and most joyful lives possible. I believe that we all have this capacity within us, and therapy can help us to move through our past trauma, oppressive social conditioning, anxieties and other stresses to be our best selves.
(510) 564-7289 View (510) 564-7289
Photo of Mica Gonzalez, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Mica Gonzalez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Piedmont, CA 94611
Parenting can be a deeply conflictual experience. Sometimes we agree with Bette Davis who said "If you have never been hated by your child, you have never been a parent." Other times we identify with Anne Lamott's notion that "There really are places in the heart you don't even know exist until you love a child." The seemingly unpredictable alternation of positive and negative feelings that come with raising a family can be painful and bewildering, and our self-esteem as parents suffers most when it becomes difficult to access the good in our closest relationships.
Parenting can be a deeply conflictual experience. Sometimes we agree with Bette Davis who said "If you have never been hated by your child, you have never been a parent." Other times we identify with Anne Lamott's notion that "There really are places in the heart you don't even know exist until you love a child." The seemingly unpredictable alternation of positive and negative feelings that come with raising a family can be painful and bewildering, and our self-esteem as parents suffers most when it becomes difficult to access the good in our closest relationships.
(510) 788-2640 View (510) 788-2640
Photo of Devin Ma, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94611, CA
Devin Ma
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I am a therapist who is deeply committed to understanding and respecting different cultures. With my background as a trauma-informed therapist, I have extensive experience working with adults, marginalized communities, and individuals who find themselves trapped in a cycle of shame, blame, and guilt. As a therapist trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, you can expect me to be goal-oriented, collaborative, and actively involved in your healing process. I take a holistic approach that does not pathologize my clients, but rather sees them as capable individuals who have the power to make positive changes in their lives.
I am a therapist who is deeply committed to understanding and respecting different cultures. With my background as a trauma-informed therapist, I have extensive experience working with adults, marginalized communities, and individuals who find themselves trapped in a cycle of shame, blame, and guilt. As a therapist trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, you can expect me to be goal-oriented, collaborative, and actively involved in your healing process. I take a holistic approach that does not pathologize my clients, but rather sees them as capable individuals who have the power to make positive changes in their lives.
(510) 999-8559 View (510) 999-8559
Photo of Emily Pellegrino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94611, CA
Emily Pellegrino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I often use humor, empathy, honest conversations, brainspotting (a powerful trauma-informed technique) and body based work.
Even living in progressive California, being part of the LGBTQ+ community can be beautiful, exciting, challenging, and heartbreaking which makes finding a LGBTQ+ friendly therapist that much more important. You might be questioning your sexuality. You might wonder where you fit in. You might simultaneously love your queer life, but feel like an outsider from your biological family or the rest of the world. You might be mislabeled or misgendered by others and it’s painful to not be seen for who you are. Being part of the LGBTQ+ community might only be one part of who you are and it might not be why you’re coming to therapy at all.
I often use humor, empathy, honest conversations, brainspotting (a powerful trauma-informed technique) and body based work.
Even living in progressive California, being part of the LGBTQ+ community can be beautiful, exciting, challenging, and heartbreaking which makes finding a LGBTQ+ friendly therapist that much more important. You might be questioning your sexuality. You might wonder where you fit in. You might simultaneously love your queer life, but feel like an outsider from your biological family or the rest of the world. You might be mislabeled or misgendered by others and it’s painful to not be seen for who you are. Being part of the LGBTQ+ community might only be one part of who you are and it might not be why you’re coming to therapy at all.
(415) 634-1153 View (415) 634-1153
Photo of Larry Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94611, CA
Larry Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Thank you for taking the time to read my bio. I bring over 25 years of experience in mental health, ranging from addiction to trauma. I believe in a strength-based approach in providing clients support because everyone has skills, talents, and abilities to tap into to assist them in overcoming life's challenges. I am a firm believer in a nonjudgmental approach to therapy so you, the client, feel safe, accepted, and empowered. I use a broad array of therapy techniques such as trauma-informed care, strength-based, systems solution-focused or brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, grief therapy, and much more.
Thank you for taking the time to read my bio. I bring over 25 years of experience in mental health, ranging from addiction to trauma. I believe in a strength-based approach in providing clients support because everyone has skills, talents, and abilities to tap into to assist them in overcoming life's challenges. I am a firm believer in a nonjudgmental approach to therapy so you, the client, feel safe, accepted, and empowered. I use a broad array of therapy techniques such as trauma-informed care, strength-based, systems solution-focused or brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, grief therapy, and much more.
(323) 940-5971 View (323) 940-5971
Photo of Sarah E. Wilson, PhD, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Sarah E. Wilson, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Many of my clients describe me as compassionate, open-minded, and patient, while maintaining a good sense of humor. I utilize these traits to build rapport with clients, while also drawing upon my knowledge and skill in research-supported interventions to alleviate mental and emotional distress. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents struggling with depression, anxiety, stress management, and life transitions. I also work with people to accept and tolerate their emotional distress, to appropriately communicate their needs in relationships, and to find meaning and purpose in their work, academic, and personal lives.
Many of my clients describe me as compassionate, open-minded, and patient, while maintaining a good sense of humor. I utilize these traits to build rapport with clients, while also drawing upon my knowledge and skill in research-supported interventions to alleviate mental and emotional distress. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents struggling with depression, anxiety, stress management, and life transitions. I also work with people to accept and tolerate their emotional distress, to appropriately communicate their needs in relationships, and to find meaning and purpose in their work, academic, and personal lives.
(510) 757-9392 View (510) 757-9392
Photo of Bobby Dulai, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94611, CA
Bobby Dulai
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I have immediate openings for couples and teens! Telling your story, and making space for the feelings, in front of another person is courageous and can be healing. The human experience is an exhausting one. Acknowledging its impact on your functioning, and where that comes from, can help you access the meaning and beauty life has to offer. My aim is to help you alleviate your pain by fostering a non-judgmental, safe space. With curiosity, we’ll explore your story to become more aware of your feelings and patterns of relating to yourself and to others toward deeper fulfillment.
I have immediate openings for couples and teens! Telling your story, and making space for the feelings, in front of another person is courageous and can be healing. The human experience is an exhausting one. Acknowledging its impact on your functioning, and where that comes from, can help you access the meaning and beauty life has to offer. My aim is to help you alleviate your pain by fostering a non-judgmental, safe space. With curiosity, we’ll explore your story to become more aware of your feelings and patterns of relating to yourself and to others toward deeper fulfillment.
(510) 983-8022 View (510) 983-8022
Photo of Monica Linares, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94611, CA
Monica Linares
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
My specialty areas include: women's mental health, self-growth, adjustments to life transitions, and trauma.
Many clients come to work with me at a time in their lives when they feel disconnected from themselves, stuck in their relationships, or when they are experiencing a major life transition. During these times, people often believe something is wrong with them and fear that others will judge them if they open up about their true feelings. As a result, many people stay quiet about their pain and feel lonely. Being a therapist has taught me that the struggles we encounter in life are far more common than we realize and your healing can be possible with my support.
My specialty areas include: women's mental health, self-growth, adjustments to life transitions, and trauma.
Many clients come to work with me at a time in their lives when they feel disconnected from themselves, stuck in their relationships, or when they are experiencing a major life transition. During these times, people often believe something is wrong with them and fear that others will judge them if they open up about their true feelings. As a result, many people stay quiet about their pain and feel lonely. Being a therapist has taught me that the struggles we encounter in life are far more common than we realize and your healing can be possible with my support.
(510) 650-0263 View (510) 650-0263
Photo of Emily Tipper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94611, CA
Emily Tipper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I believe I have a unique approach to therapy as I utilize compassionate confrontation to streamline recovery. I am hands-on and direct, meaning I may not tell you what you want to hear but what you need to hear. I utilize multiple therapy modalities, but my favorites are Solution-focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as I feel these approaches help create an improved quality of life and get you to where you want to be faster. I specialize in working with individuals who struggle with severe mental illnesses such as anxiety, ADHD, depression, PTSD, anger, identity issues, codependency, mood disorders, and substance use.
I believe I have a unique approach to therapy as I utilize compassionate confrontation to streamline recovery. I am hands-on and direct, meaning I may not tell you what you want to hear but what you need to hear. I utilize multiple therapy modalities, but my favorites are Solution-focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as I feel these approaches help create an improved quality of life and get you to where you want to be faster. I specialize in working with individuals who struggle with severe mental illnesses such as anxiety, ADHD, depression, PTSD, anger, identity issues, codependency, mood disorders, and substance use.
(415) 991-4364 View (415) 991-4364
Photo of Dr. Loren Steinberg, Psychological Associate in 94611, CA
Dr. Loren Steinberg
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
(341) 999-2343 View (341) 999-2343
Photo of Alli Gremillion, Associate Clinical Social Worker in 94611, CA
Alli Gremillion
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Alli, a trauma-informed relational therapist, specialized in working with individuals, couples, parents, parent-child, and siblings. You may be seeking effective communication and conflict management in your relationships. You desire to build trust and connection, enhance your relational intelligence, and cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and others. Perhaps you're navigating challenging moods such as anxiety, depression and loneliness, or you're dealing with recurring problems that keep you feeling stuck. You recognize these experiences are deeply intertwined with the quality of your relationships and life.
Hi, I’m Alli, a trauma-informed relational therapist, specialized in working with individuals, couples, parents, parent-child, and siblings. You may be seeking effective communication and conflict management in your relationships. You desire to build trust and connection, enhance your relational intelligence, and cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and others. Perhaps you're navigating challenging moods such as anxiety, depression and loneliness, or you're dealing with recurring problems that keep you feeling stuck. You recognize these experiences are deeply intertwined with the quality of your relationships and life.
(510) 250-3756 View (510) 250-3756
Photo of Rosanna Chang, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94611, CA
Rosanna Chang
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with People of Color and White Allies around: spiritual concerns, isolation, trauma, and relationship difficulties.
Every person that enters into therapy wants the same thing; to give and receive love more freely and fully. I believe this is not only possible it is your divine birthright. I am here to partner with you on your healing journey - to help guide you back to a state of greater freedom, wholeness and connection. In our work together, we aim to activate your innate resiliency, repair old relational injuries and release oppressive binds of shame-based conditioning. I see our work through a lens of possibilities. Most importantly, I already see you as a whole being.
I specialize in working with People of Color and White Allies around: spiritual concerns, isolation, trauma, and relationship difficulties.
Every person that enters into therapy wants the same thing; to give and receive love more freely and fully. I believe this is not only possible it is your divine birthright. I am here to partner with you on your healing journey - to help guide you back to a state of greater freedom, wholeness and connection. In our work together, we aim to activate your innate resiliency, repair old relational injuries and release oppressive binds of shame-based conditioning. I see our work through a lens of possibilities. Most importantly, I already see you as a whole being.
(510) 746-8540 View (510) 746-8540
Photo of Justin McGahan, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94611, CA
Justin McGahan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
A good therapist helps us get to know ourselves fully. Better understanding our motivations, thoughts and feelings reveals more fulfilling, effective choices. Exploring what is getting in our way of having deeply satisfying relationships is essential to living a full life. I often address issues of: understanding a partner's motivations, life purpose & transition, transparent vulnerable & authentic communication, finding/creating fulfilling relationship, confidence & leadership, men in relationship, trauma, and integrating presence in daily living.
A good therapist helps us get to know ourselves fully. Better understanding our motivations, thoughts and feelings reveals more fulfilling, effective choices. Exploring what is getting in our way of having deeply satisfying relationships is essential to living a full life. I often address issues of: understanding a partner's motivations, life purpose & transition, transparent vulnerable & authentic communication, finding/creating fulfilling relationship, confidence & leadership, men in relationship, trauma, and integrating presence in daily living.
(510) 358-4860 View (510) 358-4860
Photo of Bernadette Rivero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94611, CA
Bernadette Rivero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Whether it's depression, anxiety, trauma, negative self-talk, family dynamics, intergenerational cycles, race relations, world events, or you're a fellow healthcare worker, I will work diligently with you to develop an awareness and understanding of these aspects of your life.
Are there topics you're nervous or scared to discuss with your partner, friends or family due to embarrassment or fear of judgement? Do you continue to tell everyone you're "fine" when internally you may be experiencing a variety of emotions that you're unsure how to manage? Were you raised in a family that did not discuss emotions or perceived them as "weak"? These are very common thoughts that I would love to unpack with you. I understand the difficulty in being vulnerable and discussing your emotions. My purpose is to create a comfortable environment for you to work through these feelings and practice coping skills.
Whether it's depression, anxiety, trauma, negative self-talk, family dynamics, intergenerational cycles, race relations, world events, or you're a fellow healthcare worker, I will work diligently with you to develop an awareness and understanding of these aspects of your life.
Are there topics you're nervous or scared to discuss with your partner, friends or family due to embarrassment or fear of judgement? Do you continue to tell everyone you're "fine" when internally you may be experiencing a variety of emotions that you're unsure how to manage? Were you raised in a family that did not discuss emotions or perceived them as "weak"? These are very common thoughts that I would love to unpack with you. I understand the difficulty in being vulnerable and discussing your emotions. My purpose is to create a comfortable environment for you to work through these feelings and practice coping skills.
(510) 323-4463 View (510) 323-4463
Photo of Laura Ortiz Guillen, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Laura Ortiz Guillen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
It's an honor to help others live more whole and integrated lives. I guide clients to explore and work through life's challenges from a body-mind-spirit framework. I have 20 years of experience in supporting clients experiencing: depressive and anxious symptoms, grief & loss, trauma, relationship concerns, cultural negotiations, life transitions, and spiritual concerns. I work with BIPOC and LGBTQ working professionals, first-generation and immigrant college students, and clients who are already or interested in Indigenous healing practices including Danza, Sweat Lodge, Temazcal ceremonies.
It's an honor to help others live more whole and integrated lives. I guide clients to explore and work through life's challenges from a body-mind-spirit framework. I have 20 years of experience in supporting clients experiencing: depressive and anxious symptoms, grief & loss, trauma, relationship concerns, cultural negotiations, life transitions, and spiritual concerns. I work with BIPOC and LGBTQ working professionals, first-generation and immigrant college students, and clients who are already or interested in Indigenous healing practices including Danza, Sweat Lodge, Temazcal ceremonies.
(510) 491-9604 View (510) 491-9604
Photo of Sarah E Warner, Psychologist in 94611, CA
Sarah E Warner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Not accepting new clients
I am a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. I have had the privilege of working with many children, adolescents, adults, couples and families who are dealing with a multitude of issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, problem behaviors, substance abuse, co-dependency). I incorporate mindfulness, solution-focused, and strength-based techniques to help facilitate change and bring about relief from painful emotions and from feeling stuck. I believe in honoring what you are already doing right and will collaboratively explore options and tools that will bring about growth and healing.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. I have had the privilege of working with many children, adolescents, adults, couples and families who are dealing with a multitude of issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, problem behaviors, substance abuse, co-dependency). I incorporate mindfulness, solution-focused, and strength-based techniques to help facilitate change and bring about relief from painful emotions and from feeling stuck. I believe in honoring what you are already doing right and will collaboratively explore options and tools that will bring about growth and healing.
(510) 398-6367 View (510) 398-6367
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.